I-National Park Service kanye noMnyango Wezangaphakathi wase-US bachaza umlando we-Willard Hotel kanje:
Umbhali waseMelika uNathaniel Hawthorne waphawula ngawo-1860 ukuthi “ihhotela iWillard ngokufaneleka kakhulu lingabizwa ngokuthi isikhungo saseWashington kuneCapitol noma i-White House noma uMnyango Wezwe.” Kusukela ngo-1847 lapho izelamani ezikhangayo zikaWillard, uHenry no-Edwin, beqala ukumisa njengabagcini bezindlu zezihambi ekhoneni lika-14th Street kanye nePennsylvania Avenue, uWillard usethathe indawo eyingqayizivele emlandweni weWashington nesizwe.
Ihhotela iWillard lasungulwa ngokusemthethweni nguHenry Willard ngenkathi eqashisa izakhiwo eziyisithupha ngo-1847, wazihlanganisa zaba isakhiwo esisodwa, futhi wakhulisa laba ihhotela elinezitezi ezine waliqamba kabusha ngokuthi iWillard Hotel. UWillard wathenga indawo yehhotela ku-Ogle Tayloe ngo-1864.
Ngawo-1860, umlobi uNathaniel Hawthorne wabhala ukuthi “ihhotela iWillard ngokufanelekile lingabizwa ngokuthi isikhungo saseWashington kuneCapitol noma i-White House noma uMnyango Wezwe.”
Kusukela ngo-February 4 kuya ku-February 27, 1861, i-Peace Congress, enezithunywa ezivela ezifundazweni ezingu-21 kwezingu-34, yahlangana eWillard emzamweni wokugcina wokugwema iMpi Yombango. Uqwembe oluvela e-Virginia Civil War Commission, eliseceleni kwe-Pennsylvania Ave. lwehhotela, lukhumbula lo mzamo wesibindi. Kamuva ngalowo nyaka, lapho ezwa ibutho leNyunyana licula “Umzimba KaJohn Brown” njengoba limasha ngaphansi kwefasitela lakhe, uJulia Ward Howe wabhala amagama athi “The Battle Hym of the Republic” ngesikhathi ehlala ehhotela ngoNovemba 1861.
Ngomhla zingama-23 kuNhlolanja 1861, phakathi kwezinsongo eziningi zokubulala, umphenyi u-Allan Pinkerton washushumbisela u-Abraham Lincoln eWillard; lapho uLincoln ahlala khona kwaze kwaba yilapho egcotshwa ngoMashi 4, eqhuba imihlangano endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi futhi eqhuba ibhizinisi egumbini lakhe.
Omongameli abaningi base-United States baye bavakashela uWillard, futhi wonke umongameli kusukela uFranklin Pierce uke walala noma wethamela umcimbi ehhotela okungenani kanye; ihhotela yingakho laziwa nangokuthi "indawo yokuhlala omongameli." Kwakungumkhuba ka-Ulysses S. Grant ukuphuza i-whisky nokubhema ugwayi lapho eziphumulele endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi. I-Folklore (ephromothwa ihhotela) ibamba ukuthi lona umsuka wegama elithi “ukunxenxa,” njengoba uGrant ayevame ukukhulunywa ngakho yilabo ababefuna usizo. Nokho, lokhu cishe kungamanga, njengoba i-Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ithi isenzo “sokunxenxa” saqala ngo-1837. UGrover Cleveland wayehlala lapho ekuqaleni kwehlandla lakhe lesibili ngo-1893, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngempilo yosana lwakhe ngemva kokuqubuka kwamuva nje kwesifo sofuba. i-scarlet fever e-White House. Izinhlelo ze-Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations zaqala ukubonakala lapho ebambe imihlangano yeNhlangano Yokuqinisekisa Ukuthula endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi ehhotela ngo-1916. AmaPhini Kamongameli ahlezi e-Willard. UMillard Fillmore noThomas A. Hendricks, ngesikhathi sakhe esifushane ehhovisi, babehlala eWillard endala; bese kuba ngamaPhini Kamongameli, uJames S. Sherman, uCalvin Coolidge futhi ekugcineni uCharles Dawes bonke bahlala esakhiweni samanje okungenani ingxenye yephini likamongameli. U-Fillmore no-Coolidge baqhubeka eWillard, ngisho nangemva kokuba umongameli, ukuvumela isikhathi sokuqala somndeni ukuba siphume e-White House.
Izikhulu ezingamakhulu amaningana, eziningi zazo ezazilwa nomakadebona beMpi Yezwe I, zaqala zahlangana noGeneral of the Armies, uJohn J. “Blackjack” Pershing, eWillard Hotel ngo-Okthoba 2, 1922, futhi zasungula ngokusemthethweni iReserve Officers Association (ROA). ) njengenhlangano.
Isakhiwo samanje esinezitezi eziyi-12, esaklanywa umdwebi wamahhotela wodumo u-Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, savulwa ngo-1901. Sabhekana nomlilo omkhulu ngo-1922 owabangela u-$250,000 (okulingana no-$3,865,300 kusukela ngo-2020), ngomonakalo. Phakathi kwalabo okwadingeka bakhishwe ehhotela kwakukhona iPhini Likamongameli uCalvin Coolidge, izigele ezimbalwa zaseMelika, umqambi uJohn Philip Sousa, umdidiyeli wezithombe ezinyakazayo u-Adolph Zukor, umshicileli wephephandaba uHarry Chandler, nabanye abaholi bemithombo yezindaba, izinkampani nabezombusazwe ababekhona. i-Gridiron Dinner yonyaka. Iminyaka eminingi iWillard bekuwukuphela kwehhotela lapho umuntu ebengavakashela kalula kuyo yonke idolobha laseWashington, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibihlala izicukuthwane eziningi phakathi nomlando wayo.
Umndeni wakwaWillard wathengisa ingxenye yawo yehhotela ngo-1946, futhi ngenxa yokuphatha budedengu kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwendawo, ihhotela lavalwa ngaphandle kwesimemezelo sangaphambilini ngo-July 16, 1968. Lesi sakhiwo sahlala iminyaka singenamuntu, futhi kwantanta amapulani amaningi. ukubhidlizwa kwayo. Ekugcineni yawela endaweni yokutholwa komphakathi futhi yathengiswa ePennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. Babambe umncintiswano wokuvuselela indawo futhi ekugcineni bayinikeza i-Oliver Carr Company kanye ne-Golding Associates. Laba balingane ababili babe sebeletha i-InterContinental Hotels Group ukuthi ibe ingxenye yabanikazi kanye nomsebenzisi wehhotela. I-Willard yabe ibuyiselwa ekukhanyeni kwayo kwekhulu leminyaka futhi i-office-building contingent yanezelwa. Ngakho ihhotela laphinde lavulwa phakathi komgubho omkhulu wangomhla zingama-20 ku-Agasti, 1986, owawuhanjelwe amajaji ambalwa eNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US kanye nezigele zase-US. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, ihhotela laphinde laba nokulungiswa okubalulekile.
UMartin Luther King Jr., wabhala inkulumo yakhe edumile ethi “I Have A Dream” egunjini lakhe lehhotela eWillard ezinsukwini eziholela ku-August 28, 1963 wakhe eWashington for Jobs and Freedom.
Ngo-September 23, 1987, kwabikwa ukuthi uBob Fosse wawa ekamelweni lakhe eWillard futhi wafa kamuva. Kwabe sekutholakala ukuthi washonela esibhedlela saseGeorge Washington University.
Phakathi kwezinye izivakashi eziningi ezidumile zikaWillard kwakukhona u-PT Barnum, uWalt Whitman, uGeneral Tom Thumb, uSamuel Morse, uMbusi waseWindsor, uHarry Houdini, uGypsy Rose Lee, uGloria Swanson, u-Emily Dickinson, uJenny Lind, uCharles Dickens, uBert Bell, uJoe Paterno. , kanye noJim Sweeney.
U-Steven Spielberg wathwebula isiphetho sefilimu yakhe ethi Minority Report ehhotela ehlobo lika-2001. Wathwebula no-Tom Cruise no-Max von Sydow e-Willard Room, i-Peacock Alley kanye nekhishi.
Ihhotela lisemabhulokhi amabili nje ukusuka e-White House, ligcwele izipoki zabadumile nabanamandla. Eminyakeni edlule, bekuyindawo yokuhlangana yomongameli, osopolitiki, ababusi, abantu ababhala kanye namasiko. KwakuseWillard lapho uJulia Ward Howe aqamba khona "Ihubo Lempi YeRiphabhulikhi." U-Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ubambe inkantolo endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi futhi u-Abraham Lincoln waboleka amaslipper endlu kumnikazi wawo.
UMongameli Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, Buchanan, Taft, Wilson, Coolidge noHarding bahlala eWillard. Ezinye izihambeli eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa uCharles Dickens, Buffalo Bill, David Lloyd George, PT Barnum, nabanye abangenakubalwa. UWalt Whitman wafaka uWillard emavesini akhe futhi uMark Twain wabhala izincwadi ezimbili lapho ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. KwakuyiPhini likaMongameli uThomas R. Marshall, ecasulwe amanani entengo aphezulu kaWillard, owaqamba inkulumo ethi “Okudingwa yileli zwe ugwayi omuhle wamasenti angu-5.”
I-Willard yahlala ingenalutho kusukela ngo-1968 futhi isengozini yokudilizwa kuze kube ngu-1986 lapho ibuyiselwa enkazimulweni yayo yangaphambili. Iphrojekthi yokubuyisela engu-$73 million yahlelwa ngokucophelela yiNational Park Service ukuze iphinde idale ihhotela elinembe ngokomlando ngangokunokwenzeka. Izendlalelo zikapende eziyishumi nesithupha zaklwejwa okhunini ukuze kutholakale imibala yasekuqaleni yehhotela yango-1901.
Umhlaziyi wezakhiwo zeNew York Times uPaul Goldberger wabhala ngoSepthemba 2, 1986:
Ukubuyiselwa okuningi kwezakhiwo ezihlonishwayo kuwela kwesinye sezigaba ezimbili kungaba yimizamo yokudala kabusha ngokwethembeka ngangokunokwenzeka lokho okwake kwaba khona, noma kuwukuhumusha okusungulwe okusebenzisa i-architecture yasekuqaleni njengendawo yokugxuma.
I-Willard Hotel esanda kulungiswa yomibili. Ingxenye yale phrojekthi ihilela ukubuyiselwa okuhloniphekile kwebhilidi lehhotela elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Washington, isakhiwo esivelele se-Beaux-Arts sika-Henry Hardenbergh esasingahoxiswa kusukela ngo-1968, isisulu sokuncipha kwendawo yangakubo, emabhuloki ambalwa empumalanga ye-White House. Enye ingxenye ingeyenjabulo, isengezo esisha sha esiqukethe amahhovisi, izitolo, iplaza yomphakathi kanye ne-ballroom entsha yehhotela.
UStanley Turkel waqokwa njengo-2020 Historian of the Year yi-Historic Hotels of America, uhlelo olusemthethweni lweNational Trust for Historic Preservation, abebizwa ngalo phambilini ngo-2015 nango-2014. UTurkel ungumeluleki wamahhotela osakazwa kakhulu e-United States. Usebenzisa umkhuba wakhe wokubonisana nehhotela osebenza njengofakazi oyingcweti ezimweni ezihlobene namahhotela, enikeza ukuphathwa kwempahla nokubonisana ngamahhotela okuhweba ngezimali. Uqinisekiswe njenge-Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus yi-Educational Institute ye-American Hotel and Lodging Association. [i-imeyili ivikelwe] 917-628-8549
Incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" isanda kushicilelwa.
Ezinye Izincwadi Ezishicilelwe Zehhotela:
• Amahhotela Amakhulu AseMelika: Amaphayona Omkhakha Wehhotela (2009)
• Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + eNew York (2011)
Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala Empumalanga YeMississippi (2013)
• Ihhotela Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt, u-Oscar waseWaldorf (2014)
• IGreat American Hoteliers Volume 2: Amaphayona Emboni Yehhotela (2016)
• Yakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + Aneminyaka Emidala ENtshonalanga yeMississippi (2017)
• I-Hotel Mavens Volume 2: UHenry Morrison Flagler, uHenry Bradley Plant, uCarl Graham Fisher (2018)
• Abakhi Bamahhotela Abakhulu baseMelika uMqulu I (2019)
• Ihhotela Mavens: IVolumu 3: UBob noLarry Tisch, uRalph Hitz, uCesar Ritz, uCret Strand
Zonke lezi zincwadi zinga-odwa kwa-AuthorHouse ngokuvakashela bnokuthul.com nokuchofoza isihloko sencwadi.
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LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- The Willard Hotel was formally founded by Henry Willard when he leased the six buildings in 1847, combined them into a single structure, and enlarged it into a four-story hotel he renamed the Willard Hotel.
- ” From 1847 when the enterprising Willard brothers, Henry and Edwin, first set up as innkeepers on the corner of 14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, the Willard has occupied a unique niche in the history of Washington and the nation.
- American author Nathaniel Hawthorne observed in the 1860s that “the Willard Hotel more justly could be called the center of Washington than either the Capitol or the White House or the State Department.
