Zinhle kangakanani Izitimela, Imigwaqo, Nezindiza e-Southeast Asia?

Mayelana nomzila wesitimela, i-Indonesia neMyanmar zinebanga elide likajantshi phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anebanga likaloliwe eliphelele elingaphezu kuka-6,000 km ngo-2020. Kusukela ngo-2022, iLaos inebanga lesitimela eliphelele elingaphezu kuka-400 km.

Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezokuthutha emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuyehluka kakhulu. I-Thailand inebanga elide lomgwaqo phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, enebanga eliphelele lomgwaqo elingamakhilomitha angama-700,000 ngo-2020, lilandelwa yiVietnam ne-Indonesia cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-600,000.

Amazinga omnotho wamazwe ayi-10 aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ahluka kakhulu, kanti i-Singapore iyizwe elithuthukile kuphela eline-GDP yomuntu ngamunye elinganiselwa ku-$73,000 ngo-2021.

I-Myanmar ne-Cambodia zizoba ne-GDP umuntu ngamunye engaphansi kwama-US$2,000 ngo-2021.

Isibalo sabantu kanye namazinga omholo amancane nawo ahluka kakhulu kuye ngamazwe, kanti iBrunei, enesibalo esincane kakhulu sabantu, inenani labantu abangaphansi kuka-500,000 ngo-2021, kanye ne-Indonesia, enesibalo esikhulu sabantu abaningi, enabantu ababalelwa ku-275. izigidi zabantu ngo-2021.

Amazwe athuthuke kakhulu kwezomnotho eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia awanawo umholo omncane osemthethweni, kanti ubuncane bemholo bangempela bungaphezu kwama-US$400 ngenyanga (yezincekukazi zakwamanye amazwe), kuyilapho izinga eliphansi lomholo elincane eMyanmar lilinganiselwa ku-US$93 kuphela ngenyanga.

I-Singapore iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu kulo INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia in imigomo yokuthutha emanzini. Ngo-2020, ichweba laseSingapore lizoba nempahla yohwebo yangaphandle engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-590 kanye nokuphuma kwesitsha sama-TEU angu-36,871,000, kuyilapho iMyanmar izoba nokuphuma kwesitsha sama-TEU angaba yisigidi esisodwa kuphela.

Njengoba kunezikhumulo zezindiza ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ezinikeza imizila yasekhaya, i-Indonesia ibalwa namazwe aphezulu aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngokuya ngabagibeli basekhaya kanye nethrafikhi yempahla.

Phakathi kwemizila yamazwe ngamazwe, I-Thailand ikleliswe kuqala phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anabagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 ngo-2019, kanti iBrunei neLaos yayinabagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe ababalelwa ezigidini ezimbili kuphela.

Mayelana nempahla, Isikhumulo Sezindiza saseSingapore sibe nempahla ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, enamathani angama-930,000 ezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe ezilayishwe kanye namathani ayi-1,084,000 ngo-2019, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-50 kunempahla yamazwe ngamazwe yaseBrunei neLaos ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Sekukonke, imboni yezokuthutha emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia iye yathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngokukhuphuka kwezimakethe ezikhulayo njengeVietnam neThailand, ngokukhula okusheshayo komnotho, okuqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuthutha.

Imboni yezokuthutha yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia izoqhubeka nokukhula kusukela ngo-2023-2032. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko ezishibhile zabasebenzi nezomhlaba zihehe inani elikhulu labatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ukuthi bashintshe amandla abo okukhiqiza baye eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi izinga lohwebo lwangaphandle liye landa, likhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuthutha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhula komnotho waseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sabagibeli basekhaya kanye nempahla kuzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuthutha.