Eminyakeni engama-60 kamuva: Indawo Yokulondolozwa KwaseNgorongoro Ayizukufa

Umlondolozi wemvelo odumile waseJalimane uSolwazi Bernhard Grzimek nendodana yakhe uMichael bakanisa okwamanje Indawo Yokulondolozwa KwaseNgorongoro enyakatho yeTanzania ukuze abhale bese eluleka futhi enze isiphakamiso kuhulumeni waleyo yangaleso sikhathi iTanganyika ngemingcele emisha yeSerengeti National Park kanye neNgorongoro.

Kwakungonyaka we-1959 lapho uProf. Grzimek kanye noMichael behlongoza ukwakhiwa kwalezi ziqiwu ezi-2 zezilwane zasendle zase-Afrika, manje ezibalwa njengezithombe zezivakashi eMpumalanga Afrika.

Ngefilimu kaGrzimek kanye nencwadi, zonke ezinesihloko esithi “Serengeti Shall Not Die,” lezi ziqiwu ezimbili zezilwane eNyakatho neTanzania manje sezigubha iminyaka engama-2 yokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle, zidonsa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba ukuze zivakashele le ngxenye ye-Afrika izilwane zasendle safaris.

Njengoba imi njengozibuthe bezivakashi, amapaki ezilwane zasendle aseTanzania ngaphansi kokuphathwa kanye nokuphathwa kwe-Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) ami njengezindawo ezihamba phambili eziheha izivakashi eTanzania naseMpumalanga Afrika.

Emashumini ayisithupha eminyaka selokhu yasungulwa, iNgorongoro Conservation Area Authority ibilokhu ilwela ukufeza isabelo sayo, okwenza i-UNESCO imemezele ukuthi le ndawo iyindawo yokulondoloza i-Man and Biosphere kanye nomhlaba oxubile wemvelo namasiko.

I-Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) esendaweni yesifunda sezokuvakasha enyakatho yeTanzania isetshenziswa osukwini lwalo nyaka Lwezokuvakasha Lomhlaba ukukhombisa umsebenzi wayo, impumelelo, kanye nendlela eya phambili ngemva kweminyaka engama-60 yaba khona.

I-NCAA yayingo-1959 ihlukaniswa ne-Great Serengeti ecosystem ukuze kube nemiphakathi ehlanganisa abelusi kanye nabazingeli ukuze iphile ndawonye nezilwane zasendle.

Abafuyi bamaMaasai namaDatoga kanye nemiphakathi yabazingeli bamaHadzabe baxoshwa eSerengeti National Park naseMaswa Game Reserve ukuze bayohlala ezindaweni eziningi ezihlanganisa i-Olduvai Gorge endaweni enkulu yehlathi nehlathi.

Le ndawo yaba isizinda samagugu omhlaba se-UNESCO ngo-1979, iBiosphere Reserve ngo-1981, futhi yaxutshwa indawo yamagugu omhlaba ye-Natural and Cultural eminyakeni eyi-9 edlule.

Ukuphrinta kwezinyawo zakuqala ze-hominid ezisukela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3.6 ziphakathi kwezindawo ze-paleontological, archaeological, kanye ne-anthropological ubufakazi besayensi buqinisekisa ukuthi le ndawo iyindawo yesintu.

I-Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority inikezwe umsebenzi wokonga nokuvikela yonke imithombo yezeMvelo namaSiko le ndawo enikezwe yona.

Abaphathi beNdawo Yokongiwa kweMvelo nabo babamba iqhaza eliphambili ekuqhakambiseni ezokuvakasha nokuvikela izithakazelo zabelusi kanye nemiphakathi yabazingeli ehlala endaweni.

Eminyakeni engu-XNUMX kusukela yasungulwa, iNgorongoro ibilokhu ilwela ukufeza izabelo zayo, okwenza i-UNESCO imemezele ukuthi le ndawo iMan and Biosphere Reserve.

Isiphathimandla sidale ngokuqondile imisebenzi eminingana ehloniphekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo, okuhlanganisa eyabalondolozi bemvelo, abaqondisi bezivakashi, abaqhubi bezivakashi, abadayisi be-curio, kanye nabanikazi bamahhotela abanikeza inqwaba yezivakashi eziya khona nsuku zonke.

Njengoba ihlanganisa amakhilomitha angaba ngu-8,300 XNUMX endaweni, iseyingxenye yokufuduka kwaminyaka yonke kwezinkonkoni, amadube, izinsephe nezinye izilwane ukuya emathafeni asenyakatho yeSerengeti National Park eTanzania naseMaasai Mara Game Reserve eKenya kuze kube manje.

Amatshe, indawo, kanye nemithombo yezakudala kanye ne-paleontological yendawo eyodwa emhlabeni enenqwaba yezilwane zasendle ezihlala nabantu ihehe izivakashi ezingama-702,000, cishe amaphesenti angama-60 ezivakashi ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-1.5, ezivakashele eTanzania ngonyaka odlule.

Isibalo sezindawo zokulala izivakashi siphindeke kabili sisuka kwezi-3 ngeminyaka yawo-1970s saya kweziyisi-6 kuze kube manje kanye nezinkambu ezinamatende ezihlala unomphela ezihlinzeka ngemibhede engama-820.

Ezinye izindawo zokuhlala ngaphakathi kwe-Ngorongoro Conservation Area amakamu ayisi-6 ahlala unomphela kanye namakamu omphakathi angu-46 nakhethekile.

Imikhiqizo yenyukile isuka ekuvakasheni kwezithombe okujwayelekile iye kumabhayisikili, ukugibela ibhaluni lomoya oshisayo eNdutu nase-Olduvai Gorge, ukugibela amahhashi, ukubuka izinyoni, uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo, nokushayela imidlalo.

Phakathi kwabantu abaqavile abavakashele iNgorongoro Conservation Area kukhona uMengameli wama-42 waseMelika uBill Clinton, iNdlovukazi yaseDenmark uMagrethe II, uMfundisi uJesse Jackson, nezihlabani zamafilimu zaseHollywood uChris Tucker noJohn Wayne.

Abanye kwakunguPrince William kanye nethimba lakhe lonke elalihambele ingqungquthela kaLeon Sullivan ngo-2008 e-Arusha. Ezinye izigcawu ze-Oscar eyawina i-Oscar Out of Africa kanye no-John Wayne' Hatari zishuthelwe endaweni.

Ngaphandle kwezindawo zayo zendabuko zezivakashi, i-Ngorongoro Conservation Area ihlinzeka izivakashi ngemikhiqizo yamasiko noma ye-eco-tourism ezindaweni ezihlala amaMaasai noma izigodi ezihlakazekile endaweni.

Abaphathi basanda kwakha isakhiwo sesimanjemanje esiyizitezi ezingu-15 esibizwa ngeNgorongoro Tourism Centre (NTC) e-Arusha Central Business District ukuze sibhekelele imisebenzi yaso uma kwenzeka kuzamazama ibhizinisi lezokuvakasha.

Abaphathi eminyakeni engu-60 edlule batshale imali eningi ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi yabalusi, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzekwa kwemfundo yamabanga aphansi kuya emanyuvesi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe.

Iphinde ihlinzeka iziphathimandla zendawo ngezimali zokwakha imigwaqo nezikhungo zezempilo, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezilwane endaweni.

Ezinye izindawo zezivakashi sezisunguliwe ngaphakathi kweNgorongoro Conservation Area, okuhloswe ngayo ukuheha izivakashi eziningi. Lezi zindawo ezintsha zifaka i-Olduvai Gorge ngaphakathi kwendawo, i-Muumba Rock eduze neLake Eyasi esifundeni saseKaratu, kanye namanxiwa ase-Engaruka esiFundeni saseMonduli.

I-Olduvai Gorge nakuba ingaphakathi kwendawo; I-Directorate of Antiquities esetshenziswa ukuyiphatha.

Isikhulu seNgorongoro Conservation Area Authority, uDkt. Freddy Manongi, uthi ingcindezi evezwa yimiphakathi yabelusi nababazingeli mayelana nemithombo yemvelo ikhathaza le ndawo.

Ukubalwa kwabantu kwakamuva kukhombisa ukuthi inani labantu linyuke izikhathi eziyi-11 lisuka kubantu abayizi-8,000 laya kubantu abangama-93,136 kusukela le ndawo yasungulwa emashumini ayisi-6 edlule.

Indlela yokuphila isishintshe kakhulu endaweni yokongiwa kwemvelo ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamalungu emiphakathi edla imfuyo ngokwesiko.

Izindlu ezihlala unomphela nezanamuhla ziyakhula phakathi kwezigaba eziphakeme zezizwe zamaMaasai namaDatoga okulimaza ikhwalithi yobuhle bendawo.

Umbhali, Apolinari Tairo, uyilungu leBhodi le Ibhodi Yezokuvakasha yase-Afrika futhi ukhonza eKomidini layo Lokuqondisa.