Njengabanye abahambi bebhizinisi, isihlabani somculo we-bluegrass u-Alison Krauss kanye nebhendi yakhe bahlaselwe izintelezi zenkampani yezindiza esezingeni eliphezulu.
"Inkonzo nokudla kuyamangalisa, futhi izihlalo zikhululekile," kusho umphathi wezokuvakasha uDavid Norman, ohambe ngendiza kule nyanga nabaculi eSilverjet besuka eNewark baya eLondon lapho bezoqala uhambo lwaseYurophu nowayengumculi ohamba phambili weLed Zeppelin uRobert Plant. . “Bekunezihlalo eziyi-100 kuphela, futhi u-Alison nabanye bebethanda indlu yokugezela yabesifazane bodwa.”
Ngaphandle kwamanani entengo amathikithi aphezulu, inkampani yezindiza esezingeni eliphezulu isho umhlaba kubahambi bebhizinisi enkathini yokwanda kokunganeliseki kwabathengi ngezinkampani eziningi zenethiwekhi. Ukunethezeka nokunethezeka okufana nabadlali bevidiyo ngabanye, ukudla okusha, iwayini elimnandi, izihlalo ezibanzi kanye nenqwaba yezindlu zomlenze kungaholela abahambi ukuthi bagibele izinkulungwane zethikithi (indiza yokuya nokubuya e-Silverjet phakathi kweNewark neLondon ngenyanga ezayo iqala cishe ku-$2,800) .
Kodwa amashumi eminyaka, abahambi babone inkampani yezindiza eyodwa esezingeni eliphezulu ngemva kwenye ihamba ngesisu.
Ngenyanga edlule, umthwali we-trans-Atlantic u-Eos ube yisisulu sakamuva, wayeka izindiza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-18 esebenza futhi wafaka isicelo sokuvikelwa yinkantolo yokuqothuka. NgoDisemba, imbangi ye-trans-Atlantic uMaxjet wayeka ukundiza - izinyanga eziyi-13 ngemuva kwendiza yakhe yokuqala.
I-Silverjet imise ukuhweba kwesitoko ngeledlule njengoba ifuna imali yokutshala imali ukuze iqhubeke nokundiza. Azikho izindiza ezikhanseliwe, futhi inkampani yezindiza ilindele ukumemezela ngoLwesine ukuthi ithole imali enkulu, kusho umkhulumeli uGreg Maliczyszyn.
Ubunzima bezezimali abuzange bubonise ukuphela kwezinkampani zezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphandle kweSilverjet yase-England, i-L'Avion yaseFrance indizela e-USA. I-Primaris Airlines ilindele ukuqala izindiza "ezisezingeni eliphezulu" ezihleliwe ukusuka eNew York ukuya emadolobheni amathathu ngonyaka ozayo.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu nazo sezithakaseleka kakhulu ngesevisi yezinga eliphezulu. Izindiza ezine zase-Europe - i-Lufthansa, i-Swiss, i-KLM ne-Air France- zihlinzeka ngezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziya e-USA. Izindiza ziqhutshwa ngabakwaPrivatAir, ezinze eGeneva.
Emasontweni amabili edlule, i-Singapore Airlines yethule izindiza zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphezulu phakathi kweNyakatho Melika ne-Asia. Ngenyanga ezayo, inkampani engaphansi kweBritish Airways i-OpenSkies ihlela ukuqala izindiza zaseNew York-Paris ngendiza i-Boeing 757 elungiselelwe ngaphezu kuka-60% wezihlalo zamaflaya asezingeni lebhizinisi.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bezindiza bathi kungase kusebenzele izinkampani zezindiza ukuthi zinikeze isevisi ye-premium yonke emizileni ethile, kodwa umqondo wokwenza imali ngebhizinisi lonke noma isevisi yezinga eliphezulu uyihlaya. Bakhomba indawo yamathuna esezingeni eliphezulu lapho amatshe amathuna eyizikhumbuzo zezindiza zezindiza zase-US zesikhashana njenge-Air One, Air Atlanta, McClain, Regent, MGM Grand kanye neLegend.
UBarbara Beyer, umongameli we-Avmark, ongumeluleki wezindiza eVienna, uVa, uthi: “Akekho ofunda emaphutheni angaphambili.” Uthi izinkampani eziningi zezinkampani ezithwala amabhizinisi ezihlulekayo zalahlekelwa imali, futhi azikho ezaziseduzane nempumelelo.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, isazi-mlando sezindiza uRonald Davies sithi, ngokuvamile ziqalwa osomabhizinisi abacebile “abacabanga ukuthi kukhona “izigidi zabanye abantu abacebile abafuna ukuhamba ngendiza ekhetheke ngempela.”
Osomabhizinisi abacebile balalela kuphela ucwaningo lwemakethe oluvumelana “nombono wabo” futhi balushaye indiva ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi abekho abagibeli abanele abangagcwalisa izindiza zabo njalo, kusho uDavies, umnakekeli wezokuthutha zezindiza e-Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum.
Iningi labatshalizimali bezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu bahamba ibhizinisi- noma abasezingeni lokuqala, futhi “bathanda umbono wokuthi ngeke bandize ne-riffraff,” kusho u-Beyer. “Kodwa-ke, ingemuva lebhasi elikhokhela izindleko eziningi zokusebenza.”
Ukuncintisana kuyakhuphuka
U-Paul Dempsey, uprofesa womthetho wezomoya kanye nomkhathi eNyuvesi yaseMcGill yaseMontreal, uthi izindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinenkinga yokuncintisana nezinkampani ezinkulu zezindiza kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Izinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu zinikeza izindiza ezivamile eziya emadolobheni amaningi futhi "ziba nomlutha wohlelo lwazo lokundiza njalo amakhasimende aphezulu."
I-Legend yase-Dallas yahlangana nomncintiswano oshubile we-American Airlines (AMR) futhi yayilahlekelwa u-$1 million ngesonto ngesikhathi izindiza zayo ezilayisha abantu abangu-56 ezinezihlalo zesikhumba, isevisi ye-TV yesathelayithi ebukhoma kanye nokudla kwesigaba sokuqala kuyeka ukundiza ngoDisemba 2000. Abaphathi bamalegend bathi inkampani yezindiza futhi walinyazwa yizindleko eziphezulu zokuqalisa, okuhlanganisa nezindleko zokulwa namacala aseMelika kanye nedolobha laseFort Worth, okwakuhloswe ngawo ukuvimba ukuqala kwawo.
“Izinkampani zezindiza ezihleliwe ngeke zihlale phansi zivumele i-Regent noma i-Eos, nanoma iyiphi inkampani yezindiza entsha, ukuba ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwayo: ikhasimende lebhizinisi elikhokha kakhulu,” kusho u-Davies. “Bazosabela.”
U-Darin Lee, ongumeluleki wezinkampani zezindiza wakwa-LECG, e-Cambridge, eMisa., uthi akanaso isiqiniseko sokuthi kukhona “noma yimaphi amaphutha ajwayelekile” aholele ekushabalaleni kwenkampani yezindiza esezingeni eliphezulu.
I-Eos, i-Maxjet, i-Silverjet ne-L'Avion ibonise ukuthi kunethrafikhi eyanele “enambeni ekhethiwe” yemizila ye-trans-Atlantic ukusekela inkampani yezindiza yezinga lamabhizinisi, kusho u-Lee.
Abathwali abanjalo banethuba elingcono lokuphumelela uma benza isivumelwano sokumaketha nenkampani yezindiza esunguliwe kanye nohlelo lwayo lokundiza njalo, uthi.
UDavid Spurlock, umsunguli kanye nesikhulu esiphezulu sezentengiselwano se-Eos, uthi ukukhula kwemali engenayo "kwakumangalisayo," futhi uhlelo lwebhizinisi lwaluzwakala kahle. U-Eos wathwala abagibeli abangu-48,000 ngonyaka odlule futhi ubesebenzisa izindiza ezintathu zaseNew York-London nsuku zonke ngaphambi kokumemezela ngenyanga edlule ukuthi "ayinayo imali eyanele ukuqhubeka nokusebenza."
Amandla enkampani yezindiza okuthola amadili ezezimali “ayemile” phakathi nezinyanga ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ezedlule, kusho u-Spurlock, ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwemakethe yezikweletu. Ukwenyuka kwamanani kaphethiloli wejethi nakho kwabalimaza kakhulu i-Eos futhi kwenza abangaba abatshalizimali “baqaphele kakhulu.”
UDempsey, ophinde abe sebhodini leFrontier Airlines, uthi “ukuphela kwendaba yempumelelo ebalulekile” kwakuyiMidwest Express Airlines, inkampani ethwala amabhizinisi esezingeni eliphezulu eyasungulwa umdondoshiya wemikhiqizo yamaphepha uKimberly-Clark ngo-1984. IMidwest Express yandiza indiza enezihlalo ezingu-60 futhi kwakuphakwa ukudla okufana nelobster nenyama yenkomo i-Wellington e-china namanaphukeni elineni.
Inkampani yezindiza, eyathengiswa nguKimberly-Clark futhi manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iMidwest, (MEH) yaqhubeka isezingeni lamabhizinisi kuze kube ngu-2003. Ibonile, kusho iChief Marketing Officer uScott Dickson, ukuthi indiza ekilasini lamabhizinisi wonke iye ezindaweni ezifana IFlorida ne-Arizona "yayingekho ukonga" futhi yaqala ukunikeza izihlalo zabaqeqeshi. I-Midwest manje inezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziya emadolobheni amakhulu, kodwa zonke izindiza zizoqeqeshwa kuphela kusukela ngoSepthemba.
“Ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kaphethiloli, kudingeke ukuthi siguqule indlela yethu yokwenza izinto,” kusho uDickson. "Kudingeka sibeke izihlalo eziningi ezindizeni ukuze sithole imali eyengeziwe futhi sinciphise nezindleko zamakhasimende."
Umxhumanisi wezokundiza uMichael Boyd uthi “ayikho imakethe” yenkampani yezindiza esezingeni eliphezulu e-USA. Kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi abathwali bamazwe angaphandle njengeSingapore kanye neLufthansa, abasebenzisa izindiza ezimbalwa zesigaba samabhizinisi emigwaqweni ekhethiwe, bazophumelela. UBoyd, umongameli we-The Boyd Group e-Evergreen, eColo uthi: “Azizona izindiza ezisezingeni lamabhizinisi.” Bamane basusa abagibeli bazo ekuqaleni kwe-Boeing 747 babayise endizeni esezingeni eliphezulu. .”
Ukuthula kuyigugu
Abahamba ngamabhanoyi njalo, njengoMickey David waseHouston, bafisa sengathi kungaba nekusasa eliqhakazile lezinkampani zezindiza ezikuwo wonke amabhizinisi. Izindiza zabo “azigcwele izingane ezigijima futhi zikhala,” kusho umphathi wenkampani yemishini yezokwelapha eyandiza nge-Eos iya eLondon. Indawo ithule, futhi ngiyakwazi ukulungiselela imihlangano yami.”
Umhambi webhizinisi njalo uMike Bach, ongumeluleki e-Livingston, e-Texas, uthi angathanda ukubona izindiza eziningi ezikuwo wonke amabhizinisi ngoba zenza abandiza bazizwe bekhethekile futhi banikeza ubumfihlo. Uthi uhambe ngendiza i-Eos, i-Maxjet ne-Silverjet ngonyaka odlule futhi wajabulela izihlalo ezilele phansi, ukuhamba ngokushesha ngenxa yokuphepha, ukudla okungcono kanye nokukhetha okuhle kwefilimu. Uncamela, nokho, izinhlelo zokundiza njalo eziqinile zezinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu.
I-Silverjet yethula uhlelo lokundiza njalo ngo-Okthoba oluhlose ukuheha izinkampani ngokunikeza uhambo olulodwa lwamahhala nokubuya kuzo zonke eziyishumi ezithengiwe. Zibalelwa ku-10 izinkampani ezibhalisile, kusho uMaliczyszyn. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo eziningi zezindiza ezihamba njalo, ezidinga ukuthi umholo nemiklomelo ihlale egameni lomuntu oyedwa, uhlelo lwe-Silverjet luvumela izinkampani, noma imindeni, ukuthi ihlanganise amakhredithi azo endiza.
Naphezu kohlu olude lokuhluleka kwesigaba samabhizinisi sangaphambilini, i-Silverjet ingaphumelela ngoba inikeza “isevisi yezinga lebhizinisi ehluke kakhulu engaphansi kuka-50% wemali yokugibela yezimbangi zayo,” kusho i-CEO u-Lawrence Hunt. “Ezinye izinkampani zezindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zehlulekile ngenxa yokuthi imali yokugibela ibiphezulu kakhulu noma umsebenzi wazo ubumpofu.”
U-Hunt uthi i-Silverjet "iseduze nenzuzo" futhi isanda kuthola u-$100 wezigidi kumtshali-zimali ongadalulwanga e-United Arab Emirates. Ngenkathi abakwaSilverjet bememezela ukutshalwa kwezimali ngo-Ephreli 30, inkampani yenethiwekhi yathi imali yayo yokusebenza "yehlile futhi nemithombo yayo esele ilinganiselwe," kulandela ukukhuphuka kwentengo kaphethiloli kanye "nokuqina kwezimo zesikweletu embonini yezindiza."
Khonamanjalo, ePrimaris, iPhini Likamongameli Omkhulu uJames Mullen uthi inkampani yezindiza, manje esesebenzisa izindiza eziqashiwe, "iseduze kakhulu" nokuthola uxhaso lwezimali oludingayo ukuze iqale insizakalo ehleliwe yezinga lamabhizinisi.
U-CEO wakwaPrimaris u-Mark Morris wayekade eyisikhulu kwa-Air One, eyaqala izindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngo-April 1983 futhi yayeka ukundiza ngo-Okthoba 1984. U-Mullen uthi “yisikhathi esihlukile emjikelezweni wezindiza” kunangesikhathi i-Air One yehluleka.
Ngezinhlelo zokundiza ukusuka eNew York ukuya e-Los Angeles, e-San Francisco nase-Lima, e-Peru, i-Primaris izishaya isifuba kuwebhusayithi yayo ukuthi “ayifani nanoma yimuphi omunye” inkampani yenethiwekhi, enikeza igumbi nezinsiza zekilasi lebhizinisi ngamanani aphansi, alula, angenankanyezi.
Phakathi kokunye, ithi izonikeza indawo engenamkhawulo yokuthwala imithwalo, ukudla okunga-odwa noma nini uma ungekho kumenyu, kanye nomsakazo wesathelayithi.
Lolu hlelo alumenzi umxhumanisi wezindiza uBoyd. Akakholelwa ukuthi igama lomkhiqizo elisha linamathuba empumelelo, ikakhulukazi manje, lapho amanani entengo kaphethiloli wendiza ephezulu kanye nomnotho ontengayo kulimaza izinkampani zezindiza ezaziwa kangcono.
“Imodeli yesigaba samabhizinisi wonke ayisebenzi,” kusho uBoyd. "Ngohlobo olusha oluzimele, into yokuqala ngesikhathi sokuqala ukuqasha i-CEO, okwesibili ukuthumela lowo obambe iqhaza kummeli wokuqothuka."
Nazi izinkampani zezindiza zase-US ezingasasebenzi noma ezisezingeni lokuqala. Abanye kungenzeka ukuthi bamile, base beqala kabusha ukundiza, izikhathi eziningi phakathi namadethi asohlwini:
Indiza yendiza yokuqala Indiza yokugcina Izinsiza
I-Air Atlanta February 1984 April 1987 Izihlalo ezibanzi kakhulu, ukudla emapuletini e-china, amagumbi okuphumula aneziphuzo zamahhala, amaphephandaba kanye nenkonzo yocingo.
I-Air One April 1983 October 1984 Izihlalo ezinkulu, ukudla emapuletini ase-china, iwayini elimnandi, isisebenzi esisodwa sendiza kubagibeli abangu-20.
Eos October 2005 April 2008 21-square-foot suites anezihlalo ezine-flat-bed, izidlali ze-DVD ngazinye, i-champagne namawayini amahle, ukudla okumnandi, isevisi yendiza enophephela emhlane esikhumulweni sezindiza.
Inganekwane ka-April 2000 Disemba 2000 Ayikho imingcele yezikhwama ogibela nazo, izihlalo zesikhumba ezinegumbi lomlenze owengeziwe, i-TV yesathelayithi ebukhoma, indawo yokupaka i-valet.
I-Maxjet November 2005 Disemba 2007 Izihlalo zesikhumba ezigxilile, ezigxiliwe ezinobude obungama-intshi angu-60, amasistimu okuzijabulisa aphathwayo, ukudla okumnandi.
McClain October 1986 February 1987 Okhaphethi abaphezulu, izihlalo zesikhumba ezibanzi, izidlo zakusihlwa ezinezifundo eziyisikhombisa, ucingo kuzo zonke izihlalo, iziphuzo zamahhala namaphephandaba.
MGM Grand September 1987 December 1994 Izisebenzi zendiza yaseTuxedoed, izihlalo zesikhumba nevelvet ezizungeze amatafula e-cocktail, ibha ende, ubambo oluphambili kanye nama-shrimp scampi, amagumbi okugeza emabula anezindlu zangasese ezimbozwe ngesikhumba.
Regent October 1983 February 1986 Art Deco cabin, swivel chairs, private compartments sleeping, lobster and caviar, limo service.
I-UltraAir January 1993 July 1993 Izihlalo zesikhumba, ama-ounces angu-16 nokunye ukudla okumnandi kumapuleti e-china.
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