I-Chianti Classico noma i-Chianti: Ingabe Ibalulekile Ngempela?

Umehluko

Ukuthi ingilazi yakho iphethe i-Chianti Classico noma i-Chianti, amawayini enziwe ngamagilebhisi e-Sangiovese; Nokho, umthombo wamagilebhisi uyohluka.

Iqhude elimnyama (i-gallo nero) wuphawu lwe-Chianti Classico futhi libuyela emuva enganekwaneni emayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamaqhude ukuze kuxazululwe ingxabano yomngcele phakathi kwezifundazwe zaseSienna naseFlorence. Iqhude elimnyama laliwuphawu lukaFlorence, kanti iqhude elimhlophe lalimelela uSienna.

Ukuzalwa kuka-Chianti

Ngekhulu le-13, Chianti yayiyinhloko-dolobha yezezimali yaseYurophu. Imindeni kaMedici kanye neFrescobaldi yakha umqondo wokubhanga kanye nemindeni ecebile ilawula isakhiwo semali sengxenye yeYurophu. Ngayo yonke imali eya eTuscany, izicukuthwane zakha ama-villas amakhulu nezinhle, futhi zajabulela impilo yobukhazikhazi.

Ngaleso sikhathi, igama elithi Chianti laliyisifunda sendawo hhayi isitayela sewayini. Izintaba ZaseChianti zazihlanganisa indawo ezungeze amadolobha aseCastellina, eRadda naseGaiole, indawo manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iNhlangano YaseChianti. INhlangano yayiyinhlangano yezombangazwe nezempi ngenhloso yokuvikela indawo yaseChianti egameni leRiphabhulikhi yaseFlorence. Amawayini okuqala akhiqizwa endaweni ayemhlophe.

Ngo-1716, i-Chianti yaba isifunda sewayini sokuqala emhlabeni esiklanywe ngokusemthethweni njengoba kwamenyezelwa ngu-Cosimo III, uMbusi Omkhulu waseTuscany.

Lo mthetho wawuchaza umngcele walokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Chianti Classico (i-Radda, i-Gaiole, i-Castellina, i-Greve ne-Panzano.). U-Baron Bettinio Ricasoli, uNdunankulu wesibili wase-Italy, uhlonishwa ngokuthuthukisa iwayini lesitayela se-Chianti. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngemva kweminyaka yokuhlola, wanquma ukuthi i-Chianti izoba inhlanganisela ebomvu ebuswa i-Sangiovese (yezimbali nobungqabavu), kanye ne-Canaiolo ukuze kuthambise okuhlangenwe nakho kolwanga. Amagilebhisi amhlophe e-Malvasia ayevunyelwe amawayini ahlelelwe ukusetshenziswa kusenesikhathi ayengakhuthazwa ukuthi agcinwe. Ukuqapha amawayini e-Chianti i-Chianti Classico Consortium (1924) yasungulwa ngenhloso yokuvikela, ukwengamela, kanye nokuthuthukisa inani lehlelo le-Chianti Classico.

 IMpi Yezwe II yamisa yonke i-viticulture. Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950-60s uhlelo lokutshala ngokuhlanganyela lwaqedwa kulo lonke elase-Italy, futhi abasebenzi basuka emaphandleni baya emadolobheni amakhulu. Imithetho yase-Italy neyaseYurophu yakhuthaza ukulima kwe-viticulture okusekelwe ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Inani belincanyelwa kunekhwalithi. Ama-clones akhiqiza kakhulu akhuthazwa.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1967 kwasungulwa i-Chianti DOC futhi i-Ricasoli Formula yagqugquzela imithetho ye-DOC ekhuthaza ukugxila ku-Sangiovese. Ngaphambi komsebenzi kaRicasoli, uCanaiolo wayengumvini ophambili ngokubomvu i-chianti iwayini (kwakulula ukukhula), evamise ukuxutshwa namanye amagilebhisi ahlanganisa iSangiovese, Mammolo, kanye neMarzemino. Imithetho ye-Chianti DOC de facto yehlise izidingo zekhwalithi zamawayini futhi yakhungathekisa labo bakhiqizi abathanda ukwenza kahle.

I-Chianti Classico 2000

Ngo-1989 i-Chianti Classico yaba inguquko yegama elihlukile lewayini elisekelwe e-Sangiovese eTuscany. Le phrojekthi yathatha iminyaka eyi-16 futhi yaholela ekwenziweni kwemephu yama-clone angama-239 eSangiovese. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka i-Consortium igxile ekuthuthukiseni isithombe se-Chianti Classico futhi ngo-1996 yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni futhi i-Chianti Classico yaba igama elizimele le-DOCG.

Izinhlobo zewayini ze-Chianti

•             I-Chianti ejwayelekile. Ubuncane bamaphesenti angama-70 amagilebhisi eSangiovese; okusele okungamaphesenti angama-30 okuyinhlanganisela yeMerlot, iSyrah, iCabernet noma iCanaiolo Nero, neColorino; abaneminyaka engu-3-6 izinyanga.

•             I-Chianti Classico. Okungenani amaphesenti angama-80 eSangiovese; amaphesenti angu-20 asele (noma ngaphansi) inhlanganisela yamanye amagilebhisi abomvu avela esifundeni saseClassico; ubuncane bezinyanga eziyi-10-12 ngaphambi kokukhululwa; ithwala i-gallo nero -iqhude elimnyama seal.

•             I-Chianti Classico DOCG amagilebhisi atshalwa ezivinini ezitshalwe ezindaweni eziphakeme kune-Chianti DOCG. Bheka izikhathi zokunambitha ezihlanganisa ama-violets, kanye ne-spice ethuthukisa i-cherry enamanzi. Ama-tannin kanye nesakhiwo siyakhula ngekhwalithi ebonisa izithelo ne-terroir esikhundleni se-oki. I-oki entsha, eletha izinongo zokubhaka kanye ne-vanilla ewayinini, ingxenye enkulu, isusiwe ekuxubeni esikhundleni samabhokisi amakhulu e-oki abolekisa ukukhanya okukhulu ewayinini.

• Ngokomthetho, amagilebhisi e-Chianti Classico angatshalwa kuphela ezifundazweni zaseFlorence naseSienna noma emalokishini aqokiwe. Iwayini lingenziwa okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-80 amagilebhisi abomvu e-Sangiovese - ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti angama-20 amanye amagilebhisi abomvu okuhlanganisa i-Colino, i-Canaiolo Nero, i-Cabernet Sauvignon, ne-Merlot. Amagilebhisi amhlophe avinjelwa ngo-2006. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwayini kufanele libe neminyaka yobudala okungenani izinyanga eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokufakwa emabhodleleni, liguge emiphongolweni ye-oki okungenani izinyanga ezingama-20-24, futhi lilethe ubuncane be-alcohol obungamaphesenti ayi-12.

•             I-Chianti Classico DOCG ihlanganisa i-Nine Communes

UBarberino Val d'Elsa

I-Castellina e-Chianti

UCastelnuovo Berardenga

UGaiole eChianti

Khonza kuChianti

I-Poggibonsi

IRadda eChianti

San Casciano Val di Pesa

I-Tavernelle Val di Pes

•             I-Chianti Riserva. Inqubo yokuguga ende yezinyanga ezingama-24-38 ivumela ama-tannins ukuthi abe mellow futhi angeze ubunkimbinkimbi nokwakheka okukhulu.

•             UChianti Superiore. Amagilebhisi eSangiovese atshalwa ngaphandle kwesifunda saseClassico ngokuvamile asuka ezivinini ezinesivuno esincane; ubuncane bezinyanga eziyisi-9 zokuguga.

•             Ugogo Selelione. Idalwe ngo-2014, ifaka amagilebhisi avela ezivinini ezingcono kakhulu; ubuncane bezinyanga ezingama-30 zokuguga ngaphambi kokukhululwa; ithathwa njengephakathi kweChiantis yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu etholakalayo.

Izigaba zewayini

•             I-DOCG. I-Denomination Controlled and Guaranteed Origin

Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemikhawulo kusukela endleleni amagilebhisi athuthwa ngayo esuka esivinini ukuya endaweni engaphansi, ukucolisiswa, kanye nokufaka amabhodlela. Amagilebhisi kanye newayini kufanele kukhiqizwe ngaphakathi kweNdawo Yemvelaphi. Amawayini ahlolwa ngokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali nangokomzimba kanye namaphaneli amabili okunambitha ochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba amukelwe.

•             DOC. Ihlelo Lomsuka Olawulwayo

Imikhawulo iyanda kodwa imithethonqubo incane kune-DOCG njengoba yadalelwa ukuhlola izici ezivamile zendawo enkulu kancane kunewayini le-DOCG. Amagilebhisi newayini kufanele kukhiqizwe ngaphakathi kweNdawo Yemvelaphi futhi ngaphansi kokulawula okukodwa ngokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye nomzimba kanye nephaneli eyodwa yokunambitha. Amawayini abomvu namhlophe afakiwe kulesi sigaba.

•             I-IGT. Indicazione Geografica Tipica

Isigaba esisha lapho amawayini enziwa khona endaweni yokukhiqiza enkulu ngokuguquguquka okuthuthukile ukuze umkhiqizi abe "yingqayizivele." Amawayini e-IGT ajwayele ukuxhunyaniswa "new wave" yewayini ephilayo, ye-biodynamic kanye nemvelo. Amagilebhisi kanye newayini kufanele kukhiqizwe ngaphakathi kweNdawo Yemvelaphi. Amawayini ayahlaziywa kodwa akukho ukuhlolwa kokunambitha okudingekayo njengoba ukunambitheka kungahluka ebhodleleni elilodwa. Ngokobuchwepheshe kubhekwe “ngaphansi kuka-” DOC; empeleni, amanye amawayini ase-Italy angcono kakhulu angatholakala kulesi sigaba. Amawayini abomvu, amhlophe kanye nama-rose afakiwe kusigaba se-IGT.

•             I-VDT. I-Vino Da Tavola (Vino)

Isigaba sewayini esiyisisekelo esaziwa nangokuthi I-Table Wine alinayo inkomba yendawo futhi ingafaka amagilebhisi atshalwa noma yikuphi e-Italy. Amawayini e-VDT ajwayele ukungathunyelwa ngaphandle futhi athathwe njengezinga eliphansi.              

I-Chianti Classico 2000

I-Chianti, etholakala esifundeni saseTuscany, imingcele yayo yanwetshwa nguhulumeni wase-Italy ngo-1932 njengoba lezi zindawo zase zikhiqiza iwayini lesitayela se-chianti amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Ngo-1996 i-Chianti Classico DOCG yaba ihlelo layo elihlukile, ishiya izindawo ezingaphansi eziyisithupha e-Chianti DOCG. Ngo-1967 indawo engaphansi yesikhombisa, i-Montespertoli yanezelwa. Manje, kwethulwe indawo engaphansi yesishiyagalombili entsha.

Iphrojekthi ye-Chianti Classico 2000 yaklanywa i-Consorzio ngo-1987 ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-viticulture esifundeni futhi ithuthukise izinga lamawayini azayo.

Yavunywa nguMnyango Wezolimo kanye nokuphathwa kwesifunda saseTuscan ngo-1988; kugunyazwe futhi kuxhaswe yi-EU.

Lo msebenzi wawuhlanganisa ukubambisana phakathi kwezikole zezolimo eNyuvesi yaseFlorence kanye neNyuvesi yasePisa futhi kwathatha iminyaka engu-16 ukuqeda. Ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezintathu:

1. Ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kwendawo

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha

3. Ukushicilelwa kwemiphumela

• Izivini ezingu-16 zokuhlola zatshalwa endaweni engamahektha angama-25 (amahektha angama-61.75)

• Izitsha zocwaningo ezi-5 ezimisiwe ukuze zivivinye amaqoqo amagilebhisi esivini ngasinye

• Kwafakwa iziteshi ezincane zezulu eziyi-10 kuso sonke isifunda ukuze kulandelelwe amaphethini wesimo sezulu esincanyana namakhulu

Ekuphothulweni kocwaningo, amalungu ephrojekthi yezokuthutha avumile ukuthi:

1. Thola ama-clones angcono kakhulu ongawahlakulela

2. Thola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulima

3. Yenza kube simanjemanje futhi uthuthukise i-viticulture kanye nokukhiqizwa kwewayini

4. Nikeza abakhiqizi be-Chianti Classico ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu nezinto zokukhiqiza.

Isifundo

Ukwenza izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zibe zesimanjemanje nokwenza iwayini esifundeni saseChianti Classico:

1.            Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi. Ukubuyekezwa kwamagilebhisi abomvu asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-Chianti Classico; amagilebhisi ahlanganisa Sangiovese, Canalolo, Colorino, Malvasia Nera

2.            I-Rootstock. Linganisa izici ze-rootstocks ezikhethiwe ezisetshenziswayo futhi ezibhekwa njengezifanelene kakhulu nenhlabathi nesimo sezulu sase-Chianti Classico. Ezinye iziphunzi azikaze zisetshenziswe esifundeni; ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa ukuhlola ngamasu okuxhunyelelwa

3.            Ukuminyana kokutshala. Linganisa umphumela wokuminyana kokutshala ofaneleka kangcono esifundeni kanye namazinga okukhiqiza asukela ezitshalweni ezingu-3000-9000 ehektheleni ngalinye: ezilandelwayo: imvelo kanye nesivuno; ukuziphatha kwezitshalo zomvini, umthelela kumagilebhisi, kanye nekhwalithi yewayini. Umphumela: Ukuminyana kwezitshalo eziyi-5000 ehektheleni ngalinye kubonise ibhalansi enkulu ngokwentuthuko kanye nesivuno esincane.

4.            Ukuqeqeshwa Kwemvini. Linganisa umthelela wezinhlelo ze-trellising zakwamanye amazwe nezendabuko kukhwalithi yamagilebhisi newayini; ukucabangela ukwehlisa izindleko eziphezulu zokuthena ngezandla; imiphumela yokuthi isistimu ye-Espalier engamasentimitha angu-60 ibonise imiphumela ethembisa kakhulu.

5.            Ukuphathwa Kwenhlabathi. Imithelela yokukhula kotshani obulawulwayo ukuze kukhawulwe ukuguguleka komhlabathi, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwesivini. Imiphumela: Abakhiqizi basebenzisa utshani njengesitshalo sekhava njalo futhi bagweme ukusebenza emhlabathini ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo uma kungenzeka.

6.            Ucwaningo Lokukhetha Kwe-Clonal. Gxila ezinhlotsheni ze-Chianti Classico: Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Colorino. Imiphumela: kukhonjwe ama-clone amasha angu-8 afanele isifunda sase-Chianti Classico; ama-clone ayisikhombisa e-Sangiovese kanye ne-Colorino eyodwa. Ama-clones amasha abonisa amajikijolo amancane, izikhumba eziqinile, izixha ezivulekile; ukungaguquguquki okuningi ngezimo zezulu; ama-clone amasha afakwe kubhaliso lukazwelonke lwase-Italy lwezinhlobo zomvini njenge-Chianti Classico 2000.

Imiphumela: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 ezivini zase-Chianti Classico azotshalwa kabusha kuma-clones amasha eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo uma etholakala ngokuthengisa. Kubiza cishe ama-Euro angu-35,000 ukutshala ihektha elilodwa lezivini ezintsha. Ama-clones amasha azokwenza ukulinywa kube lula kanye namawayini angashintshi anama-tannins athambile. Kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokuthambekela okukhulayo ekusetshenzisweni okuncane kwezinhlobo zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokubuyela emiphongolweni evamile yosayizi omaphakathi ngokuphambene nemigoqo.

Siyakwamukela ku-UGA. Udinga Ukwazi

Iqembu labakhiqizi be-Chianti Classico abangu-500 basanda kuvota ukuze bavumele abenzi bewayini ezigabeni ezingaphansi ezingu-11 ukuthi bengeze i-UGA (Additional Geographic Units) ewayinini labo le-Chianti Classico Gran Selelione (elidala amaphesenti angu-6 okukhiqizwa kwesifunda) uma bekhetha. Lolu hlelo olusha lokuhlukanisa luhlose ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa umehluko wesimo sezulu nezinhlobo zomhlabathi esifundeni. Izikhundla azisekelwe kwisayensi nokho, kodwa kunalokho ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nezomuntu

NgokukaMongameli we-Chianti Classico consortium, u-Giovanni Manetti, "Indawo yenza umehluko," futhi ukuhlonza kwe-Chianti Classico UGA kunikeza abathengi ukufinyelela olwazini mayelana ne(izi)ndawo zokulima. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo zimbozwe yihlathi elinengxenye eyodwa kweshumi enikelwe ekukhuleni kwewayini futhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 azinikele ekulimeni kwemvelo. Kusukela ngoMashi 2021, bekunamalebula angama-182 eGran Selelione akhiqizwa izinkampani eziyi-154 emakethe. I-UGA izoba nomthelela cishe kumaphesenti angu-6 omkhiqizo ophelele we-Classico.

Inhlanganisela yalawa mawayini inyusa iphesenti le-Sangiovese lisuka kumaphesenti angama-80 lifinyelele okungenani kumaphesenti angama-90 futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamagilebhisi endabuko abomvu atholakala endaweni yaseChianti amaphesenti asele ayi-10 azothathwa ezinhlobonhlobo zasendaweni kuphela (okungukuthi, iColino, Canaiolo , Ciliegiolo, Mammolo, Pugnitello, Malvasia Nera, Foglia Tonda). I-Cabernet, i-Merlot, kanye neminye imivini ngeke ivunyelwe engxubeni ye-GS futhi ingase ibonise ukuthi "i-full stop" kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukunambitheka kwamazwe ngamazwe."

Umcimbi. I-Chianti Classico. UGA

Ngisanda kwethulwa amawayini endaweni eqokiwe ye-UGA emcimbini obuse-Manhattan. Umcimbi umake ukuvuma okusemthethweni kokuhluka okubalulekile kwe-terroir yesifunda saseTuscan. Abakhiqizi abangamashumi ayisithupha bethule iwayini labo kwabahambele umcimbi abangaphezu kuka-300 okuhlanganisa abathengi/abathengisi bewayini, othisha nabezindaba.

© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.

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