Isinqumo senkantolo: Abantu be-LGBTQ abazalwa benjalo

Izeluleko Zokuvakasha zase-US ezimelene neKenya kufanele zengezwe. Lesi yisicelo sabaholi bomphakathi we-LGBT eMnyangweni WezoMbuso waseMelika lapho bephendula iJaji uRoselyn Aburili ememezele ngesonto eledlule ukuthi imithetho yaseKenya emelene nobungqingili ayizange yephule umthethosisekelo wezwe, bethi kukhona “abukho ubufakazi obuphelele besayensi bokuthi abantu be-LGBTQ bazalwa benjalo.

Amazwe amabili kuphela kanye nensimu eyodwa e-Afrika yamukela abahambi be-LGBT ngezandla ezimhlophe. INingizimu Afrika ukuphela kwezwe, futhi iReunion njengengxenye yeFrance ihlonipha imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo. I-Seychelles utshele umhlaba ngo-2016, bamukela abahambi be-LGBT ngezandla ezimhlophe.

Izinkantolo zase-Afrika e-Angola, eBelize, eCameroon, e-India, eLesotho, eMozambique, eNamibia, eSão Tomé naseCape Verde, eSeychelles nase-Uganda zikhiphe isinqumo esihle kusukela ekuhoxisweni kobungqingili kuya ekuqashelweni okusemthethweni kwezinhlangano eziqaphela ngokusemthethweni amalungelo abantu abashintsha ubulili.

Kodwa-ke, kungase kungaphepheli kubavakashi be-LGBTQ ukuvakashela iningi lamazwe ase-Afrika. Okwamanje, abahambi be-LGBTQ kufanele baqaphele futhi bafihle ukukhetha kwabo kwezocansi lapho becabangela iholide emazweni alandelayo ase-Afrika:

Algeria

Ucansi lwezitabane lunesijeziso sokuvalelwa ejele iminyaka emibili kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-2,000 19 wamadinar ase-Algeria ($XNUMX).

Angola

Ongqingili abathanda ucansi bangaba nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibekwe kubo, okuhlanganisa ukuvivinywa noma ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi endlini yokusebenzela noma indawo yokulima isikhathi esingafika eminyakeni emithathu. Njengamanje izwe lisohlelweni lokwamukela umthetho ochitha imibandela emelene nobudlelwane bobulili obufanayo.

Botswana

Noma ubani “onolwazi lwenyama lwanoma yimuphi umuntu ngokuphambene nesimiso semvelo”—ibinzana elivame ukusetshenziswa emakhodini omthetho ukuze libhekisele emisebenzini yobungqingili—angagwetshwa iminyaka efinyelela kweyisikhombisa.

Burundi

Umbuso waseMpumalanga Afrika ujezisa izenzo zobutabane ngokuvalela ejele iminyaka emibili kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-100,000 francs waseBurundi ($58).

Comoros

Iqoqo leziqhingi ezingasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika lijezisa ucansi lwezitabane ngesigwebo esifika ejele iminyaka emihlanu kanye nama-francs aseComorian ayisigidi ($1).

Egypt

Umthetho waseGibhithe awukuvimbeli ngokuqondile ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo obuvunyelwene phakathi kwabantu abadala, kodwa eminye imithetho—kuhlanganise naleyo evimbela ukuxega nobufebe—ike yasetshenziswa ukuze kuboshwe izitabane esikhathini esidlule.

Eritrea

Ubudlelwane bobulili obufanayo bujeziswa ngokuboshwa nje—okungukuthi ukuboshwa okungabandakanyi ukusebenza kanzima—ngokomthetho wase-Eritrea; umusho awucaciswanga.

Eswatini

Ubudlelwane bobulili obufanayo kuyicala elivamile. Umthetho usebenza kwabesilisa kuphela, nakuba abesifazane abayizitabane nabo bevame ukubhekana nokucwaswa nodlame.

Ethiopia

Izwe lase-Horn of Africa lijezisa “isenzo sobungqingili, nanoma yisiphi esinye isenzo esingcolile” ngokuboshwa nje, ngaphandle kwesigwebo esishiwo. Ikhipha izigwebo eziqinile ngesenzo sobungqingili esiholela ekusakazeni izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

I-Gambia

Izwe elincane laseNtshonalanga Afrika lijezisa abantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo ngokubhadla ejele iminyaka engu-14; ucansi lomlomo nolwendunu lufakiwe ngaphansi komthetho. Izitabane zingabhekana nokudilikelwa yijele uma omunye wabalingani engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 noma ene-HIV.

Ghana

Umthetho waseGhana uchaza ubulili obufanayo obuvunyelwene ngokuthi “isenzo esingalungile,” esijeziswa ngokuboshwa iminyaka emithathu. Ubulili obufanayo ngaphandle kwemvume buchazwa njengobugebengu bezinga lokuqala futhi bungadonsa isigwebo seminyaka engu-25 ejele. Imithetho isebenza kuphela emadodeni, ngokwe-ILGA.

Guinea

Izenzo zocansi phakathi kwabantu bobulili obufanayo zigwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ejele kanye nenhlawulo enkulu eyisigidi esingu-1 samafrancs aseGuinea ($111).

Kenya

Umdondoshiya waseMpumalanga Afrika ujezisa ubutabane phakathi kwabesilisa ngokudonsa iminyaka engu-14 ejele, okuyinto efinyelela eminyakeni engu-21 uma kungavunyelwana. Umthetho usebenza emadodeni kuphela.

Liberia

Umthetho waseLiberia uchaza ubungqingili—kanye nobulili bomlomo kanye nocansi noma ukuthintana ngokocansi phakathi kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile abangashadile—“njengobulili obuhlukile,” obuthathwa njengesenzo esingafanele sokugwetshwa unyaka owodwa ejele.

Libya

Umbuso wasenyakatho ne-Afrika ujezisa lokho elikuthatha “njengocansi olungekho emthethweni” ngokuboshwa iminyaka emihlanu.

Malawi

Ukwenza ubungqingili kujeziselwa ukuboshwa iminyaka engu-14, okungenzeka kube nesijeziso sokushaywa (njengokubhaxabulwa noma ukubhaxabulwa).

Mauritania

IRiphabhulikhi yamaSulumane inquma ukufa ngokukhandwa ngamatshe kwabesilisa abathandana nobulili obufanayo, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 isijeziso sinqunyelwe. Ukwenza ubungqingili phakathi kwabesifazane kujeziswe ngokuvalelwa iminyaka emibili ejele kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-60,000 waseMauritanian ouguiya ($167).

Mauritius

“ISodoma” inesigwebo seminyaka emihlanu ejele. Kusebenza emadodeni kuphela.

Morocco

“Noma ubani owenza izenzo ezingcolile noma ezingezona ezemvelo” nabanye abantu bobulili obufanayo angabhekana nesigwebo esifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu ejele eMorocco kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela kuma-dirham angu-1,000 104 ($XNUMX), ngaphandle kwalapho “kunezimo ezimbi kakhulu.”

Nigeria

Umthetho waseNigeria udonsa isigwebo seminyaka engu-14 ejele ngesenzo sobutabane. Izifundazwe eziyishumi nambili enyakatho yeNigeria—okungamaSulumane kakhulu—zithathe umthetho we-shariah, ngaphansi kwawo isijeziso esiphezulu sesenzo sobungqingili phakathi kwabesilisa kuwukufa, futhi kwabesifazane ukushaywa kanye/noma ukuboshwa.

Senegal

Ubulili obufanayo bunesigwebo esiphezulu seminyaka emihlanu ejele kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ezigidini ezingu-1.5 ($2,613).

Sierra Leone

Isenzo “sobuggery”—ngokuvamile esichazwa ngokuthi ubulili bendunu, kodwa futhi nokulala nesilwane—siphethe isigwebo esincane seminyaka eyi-10 ejele noma isigwebo esiphezulu sokudilikelwa yijele. Kusebenza emadodeni kuphela.

Somalia

Ikhodi yenhlawulo yaseSomalia ijezisa izitabane ngesigwebo esifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu ejele. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi yesijeziso kunqunyelwe, nokho, njengoba uhulumeni wobumbano enhlokodolobha iMogadishu elawula izwe lonke. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezilawulwa yi-Al-Shabab, kusetshenziswa ukuhunyushwa okuqinile komthetho we-sharia futhi ubulili obufanayo bunesijeziso sokufa.

South Sudan

Izwe elincane kunawo wonke emhlabeni lijezisa lokho elikubiza ngokuthi “ubulili benyama ngendlela yemvelo” ngesigwebo esifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10 ejele. Iyakwenqabela futhi qadhf-ukusola umuntu ngamanga ngobungqingili noma ezinye izinhlobo zezenzo zocansi ezenqatshelwe ngaphansi komthetho waseNingizimu Sudan-futhi icala linesijeziso semivimbo engu-80.

Sudan

Umthetho waseSudan unezijeziso ezikhuphukayo “ze-sodomy,” okuchazwa ngokuthi ubulili bangemuva phakathi kwabantu bobulili obufanayo noma ubulili obuhlukile. Izigebengu zokuqala zizoshaywa imivimbo engamakhulu ayikhulu kanye neminyaka emihlanu ejele; izephula-mthetho zesibili zibhekana nesijeziso esifanayo, kodwa izephula-mthetho zesithathu zingagwetshwa ukufa noma ukudilikelwa yijele. ISudan nayo iyakwenqabela qadhf.

Tanzania

Isenzo sobungqingili sigwetshwa isikhathi esincane seminyaka engama-30 ejele noma isigwebo esiphezulu sokuphila.

Togo

Umbuso waseNtshonalanga Afrika ujezisa izenzo zobulili obufanayo ngezigwebo zasejele eziphakathi konyaka owodwa nemithathu kanye nenhlawulo efinyelela ku-500,000 wama-CFA francs aseNtshonalanga Afrika ($871). Umthetho usebenza emadodeni kuphela.

Tunisia

“ISodoma” igwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ejele; leli gama lihlanganisa kokubili izenzo zobungqingili zabesilisa nabesifazane.

Zambia

Umsebenzi wobungqingili phakathi kwabesilisa noma abesifazane ujeziswa ngokuboshwa udilikajele, nakuba ukuphoqelelwa kwawo kuguquguquka.

I-World Health Organization ngoMeyi 25 yakhipha ngokusemthethweni abantu abashintsha ubulili njengabagula ngengqondo.

Ngonyaka odlule, uMongameli waseKenya u-Uhuru Kenyatta watshela uChristiane Amanpour we-CNN ukuthi amalungelo e-LGBT “awabalulekile kakhulu” kubantu baseKenya.

Esitatimendeni, uthe ukwenza ubungqingili bube semthethweni "kuzovula umnyango wezinyunyana zobulili obufanayo," ingxabano eyenziwe kakhulu ngabaphikisi abangamaKristu namaSulumane bamalungelo e-LGBT.

U-Eric Gitari, isishoshovu esiyisitabane nowayengumongameli weKhomishini Yamalungelo Abantu Yezitabane Nezitabane owaphonsela inselelo imithetho yaseKenya emelene nobusodomi eyayifaka izicelo ezinkantolo eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ubize lesi sinqumo ngokuthi “sicheme kakhulu” futhi wafunga ukuthi uzosiphikisa isinqumo.

Ngo-2016, uGitari wavula icala ngokumelene nemithetho yaseKenya yokulwa nokulala ngokobulili, ethi yephula umthethosisekelo wezwe wango-2010 oqinisekisa ukulingana, isithunzi kanye nemfihlo yazo zonke izakhamuzi.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, ezinye izinhlangano ezimbili, iGay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya kanye neNyanza, Rift Valley kanye neWestern Kenya Network, kanye nabafake izicelo ngabanye bafaka icala becaphuna izindaba ezifanayo.

Amacala ahlanganiswe yinkantolo enkulu adluliselwa esigungwini samajaji amathathu.

I-LGBT kanye nabameli bamalungelo abantu babenethemba lokuthi iKenya izowuchitha umthetho. Ngaphansi kwemithetho yaseKenya, abantu be-LGBT, iningi labo okungabesilisa abayizitabane, babhekene neminyaka engu-14 bebhadla ejele uma belahlwa yicala ngaphansi kwekhodi yesigwebo esithi 162 kanye no-165.

Imithetho ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa, ngokusho komcwaningi ophezulu we-LGBT we-Human Rights Watch uNeela Ghoshal. Sekubili kuphela ukushushiswa kwabantu abane ngaphansi kwe-Article 162 eminyakeni engu-10 edlule, esho esitatimendeni senhlangano ephendula isinqumo senkantolo sangomhla zingama-24 kuNhlaba.

Ukuba khona kwemithetho kuvumela indawo yokuzonda izitabane kanye nokushushiswa, kusho yena.

Uhulumeni waseKenya ubike ukuthi bangu-534 abantu ababoshelwe ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo phakathi kuka-2013 no-2017. I-NGLHRC yaseKenya, ongomunye wabafake izicelo kuleli cala, iqophe ukuhlaselwa kwabantu be-LGBT okungaphezu kuka-1,500 kusukela ngo-2014, kubika i-Devdiscourse. I-Homophobia isabalele eKenya.

Umsekeli omelene nezitabane uMfundisi Tom Otieno weLavington United Church uthe iKenya ayisoze yabamukela abantu be-LGBT. “Asizimisele ukwamukela ubutabane futhi ngeke sikuvume. Ngisho noma izinkantolo zingazama ukuxoxa ngakho, sizobuyela enkantolo,” etshela i-CNN.

Phakathi ku Umbiko we-2018 enesihloko esithi “Polarized Progress: Social Acceptance of LGBT People in 141 Countries, 1981-2014,” i-Williams Institute, i-LGBT think tank e-UCLA School of Law, ihlonze iKenya njengelinye lamazwe angamukeli kancane futhi izimo zaziba zimbi.

Imithetho ye-Anti-Sodomy yephula izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zaseKenya zokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu.

UNdunankulu waseBrithani, u-Theresa May, ozokwehla esikhundleni ngesonto elizayo, uzwakalise ukuzisola ngemithetho yaseBritain yangesikhathi sobukoloni ngonyaka odlule. Unxuse amazwe angaphansi kweCommonwealth ukuthi abubeke busemthethweni ubutabane.

Umqondisi we-NGLHRC uNjeri Gateru utshele i-HRW ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni ubulungiswa buzoba khona eKenya, kodwa "okwamanje, abantu abajwayelekile be-LGBT Kenya bazoqhubeka nokukhokha inani lokunganaki kombuso ngokungalingani."

Isinqumo senkantolo sinomthelela omkhulu ngale kwemingcele yaseKenya eZwenikazi lase-Afrika.

"Kuyigalelo kumalungelo abantu eKenya futhi kuthumela uphawu oluyingozi kuyo yonke i-Commonwealth, lapho izakhamizi eziningi ziqhubeka nobugebengu ngenxa nje yokukhetha ubulili noma ubulili," uTea Braun, umqondisi weHuman Dignity Trust, etshela abeReuters. .

I-New York Times ibike ukuthi emazweni angu-55 ase-Afrika, angu-38 aphule ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo. Ubutabane bujeziswa ngokufa eSomalia naseSouth Sudan. NjengeKenya, iNigeria igweba abantu be-LGBT iminyaka engu-14 ejele, kanti isigwebo esiphezulu eTanzania siyiminyaka engama-30.