Ngenkathi kusabalele indaba ngo-Agasti 2017 yamabhubesi angamaduna azama ukuhlalisana wodwa epaki yesizwe yase-Masai Mara, izihloko zezindaba kanye nokuphakelayo kwe-Twitter kwaba nokuqagela, ukuhlekwa, nokusolwa. Naphezu kokuba iKenya ingelinye lamazwe anenqubekela phambili eMpumalanga Afrika mayelana nokuqwashisa nge-LGBTQ namalungelo, isizwe sisavimbela ubungqingili futhi sijezisa ngokusemthethweni ama-anal probes ukuze kuphenywe amacala obutabane.
Isikhulu sikahulumeni sikhwele sadilika ngokuziphatha kwamaBhubesi, sathi “angamadimoni” futhi kufanele ahlukaniswe afundelwe ukuziphatha kwawo “okuxakile”.
Nakuba la mazwi afundeka njengokubhuqa futhi ehlekwa usulu iqembu elithile lenkundla yezokuxhumana, ukusabela kwakhe kwathinta inzondo ejulile yabantu abathandanayo baseMpumalanga Afrika futhi kwaphinde kwangabaza amalungelo e-LGBTQ. Imithetho yalesi sifunda emelene nezitabane igxile kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane, abakhululwa kwezinye izimo emithethweni emelene nezitabane. Nokho ukukhuphuka kwakamuva kwezinkulumo nezinqubomgomo ezimelene nobungqingili ezigunyazwe nguhulumeni kuqondise abesilisa nabesifazane ngokwedelela okwandile.
Izishoshovu zamalungelo anjalo zigcwele yonke indawo esifundeni saseMpumalanga Afrika. Umdwebi waseNairobi, uKawira Mwirichia, ugxile emsebenzini wakhe kule minyaka embalwa edlule ekugxekeni ukucwaswa kwezitabane ngobuciko, ehlose ukwenza ubuntu kanye nokubona ngeso lengqondo izimpilo nezindaba zezishoshovu ezingamaqola hhayi eKenya kuphela kodwa eMpumalanga Afrika nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Noma kunjalo, kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2014, iKenya yashushisa abantu abangu-595 ngobulili babo, futhi inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ye-National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights, ezinze eNairobi, inhloko-dolobha, ibilokhu isebenzela ukuhlehlisa imithetho eqinile evimbela ubudlelwano bezitabane. Ezinye izindawo zasemadolobheni eKenya zingase zibe nenqubekela phambili kumalungelo e-LGBTQ, kodwa zihlala zingqubuzana nezinkambiso kahulumeni nezindlela zokwenza lolu daba.
Ngempela, nakuba uMwirichia wayesekelwa yi-AFRA Kenya (Abaculi Abaqashelwa Nokwamukelwa) phakathi kwabanye abaningi, isimo sezulu saseKenya mayelana namalungelo e-LGBTQ sihlala sisibi kwezinye izingxenye njengomakhelwane bayo baseMpumalanga Afrika.
Umphakathi we-LGBTQ wase-Uganda, ngokwesibonelo, kudala ulwa namabutho evangeli asekelwa yiMelika okwenza ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwe-homophobia. Okwacasula izishoshovu eziningi zase-Uganda, uMongameli u-Yoweri Moseveni wasayina umthethosivivinywa omelene nobutabane ngo-2013 efuna isigwebo sentambo noma udilikajele kubantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo, egomela ngokuthi ubungqingili yisinqumo esingcolile, hhayi isibopho semvelo.
Ngokokuqala ngqá, lo mthethosivivinywa wawuhlanganisa abathandana besifazane abathandana nabanye besifazane, ababekhululiwe emithethweni emelene nobungqingili e-Uganda. Ngenkathi lo mthethosivivinywa uchithwa ngo-2014 ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe ngemuva kokuba intatheli yase-Uganda ifake isicelo somthethosivivinywa kanye nezishoshovu zamalungelo e-LGBTQ, kwaqubula inqwaba yokuboshwa ngokungemthetho, ukuhlukunyezwa, udlame lwezixuku, ukushiswa kwezindlu nokuhlukunyezwa kweziboshwa kanye nokuqubuka kwenkulumo enenzondo yokucwasa izitabane. kwabezindaba.
Amabandla amaningi aseSheshi aphikisana nalo mthethosivivinywa futhi akhuluma ngokumelene nawo, kodwa abavangeli, njengo-Scott Lively ophikisa izitabane, bathinteka ekukhuthazeni lo mthethosivivinywa ngokuqhathanisa ubungqingili ne-pedophilia kanye nomthelela kumgomo womphakathi wase-Uganda ngeminikelo emikhulu evela emabandleni evangeli asekelwe eMelika.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-homophobia e-Uganda kungafika ngentengo yokuphila komuntu. Isiphetho esinonya sikaDavid Kato, isishoshovu esaziwayo, sihlupha izishoshovu ezinjengoFrank Mugisha, umqondisi we-Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG), inethiwekhi engekho kuhulumeni ye-LGBTQ yamalungelo abantu e-Uganda. Uzabalaza ukugcina ilungelo lokubamba imibukiso ye-Pride in Uganda ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni esanda kuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zokubungaza izitabane esidlangalaleni.
Cishe eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, uKato wabulawa yizigebengu esekhaya eKampala, inhloko-dolobha, ngemuva kokuzama ukuthola incwadi evimbela uRolling Stone, iphephandaba lendawo lapho ngo-2010 lakhipha izishoshovu zezitabane zase-Uganda ekhasini lokuqala, kuhlanganise naye, futhi wacela ukuba izilenge zabo.
Leli phepha lavalwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yijaji leNkantolo eNkulu ngokungena kwemfihlo, okukhombisa impumelelo ye-SMUG ekulweni nesenzo saleli phepha. Nokho i-SMUG isaqhubeka nokulwa no-Lively ngokugqugquzela udlame nenzondo ngokumelene nezitabane e-Uganda ecaleni lasenkantolo yombuso wase-United States, i-SMUG vs. Lively, elafakwa ngo-2012.
Ngo-2016, uMugisha wathi isimo sezombusazwe sibe ngcono kancane kusukela kwabulawa uKato, kodwa iPride Uganda 2017 isanda kubhidlika ngemuva kokuthi uMugisha nabahleli bethole izinsongo zokuhlukunyezwa nokuboshwa.
Izishoshovu ze-LGBTQ zaseMozambique zibhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo, nakuba enye intatheli yaseMozambique, uDercio Tsandzana, engxoxweni, "Amazwe aseLusophone e-Afrika ngokuvamile abubekezelela kakhulu ubungqingili." (Amazwe aseLusophone akhuluma isiPutukezi.) UTsandzana usanda kubika ngesinqumo esiyingqopha-mlando sokunikeza isimo esisemthethweni i-Lambda, okuyinhlangano kuphela yaseMozambique yamalungelo e-LGBTQ, ngemuva kwempi yeminyaka eyi-10 yokuthola ukuba semthethweni.
"IMozambique ayinayo inkulumompikiswano yomphakathi mayelana nezindaba ze-LGBTQ," kusho uTsandzana. “Ubungqingili sebuvunyelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa busabhekwa njengenkulumo-mpikiswano ngokuziphatha.” Ngenxa yemikhankaso ye-inthanethi kanye nezishoshovu zasendaweni, iMozambique yachitha imithetho yayo emelene nobungqingili ngo-2015, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamazwe ambalwa kulo lonke izwekazi lapho ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo busemthethweni.
UTsandzana unethemba lokuthi ukuphumelela kwenkantolo kukaLambda “kuzovula ingxoxo futhi kunikeze abantu baseMozambique into abangakhuluma ngayo, ukuze kulungiswe indaba ngenkulumo-mpikiswano. Kusafanele silwe.”
Ngemuva kokuthula uma kuqhathaniswa nokucindezelwa kwe-LGBTQ, umphakathi we-LGBTQ waseTanzania wabhekana nokuqhekeka okufanayo ngoFebhuwari 2017, lapho ungqongqoshe wezempilo ememezela ukuvalwa kwezikhungo okungenani ezingama-40 ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-HIV/AIDS, ethi "zigqugquzela isinyenyela ubungqingili."
NgoJulayi 2017, owayeyisekela likangqongqoshe wezempilo, ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi, ubulili, abantu abadala kanye nezingane, wenza izinkulumo ezivusa inkanuko ezimelene nezitabane ePhalamende ngesikhathi kunengxoxo ephathelene nokudayisa ngomzimba, okwaholela abanye abameleli ukuba babuze uhlelo lwePhalamende “lokulawula ubutabane” eTanzania.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, kwaboshwa abantu abangu-20 ngesikhathi behambele ukuqeqeshwa kwenhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni nge-HIV/AIDS, eyayisesiqhingini esizibusayo saseZanzibar, lapho ubutabane bujeziswa khona ngokomthetho ngeminyaka efinyelela kwengu-30 ejele. Ngemva kwenyanga kuboshwe abantu abaningi, iZanzibar Imams Association yabamba isithangami sabezindaba ifuna ukuthi kugwetshwe izijeziso ezinzima kakhulu kubantu abenza ubutabane, iveza ukukhathazeka ngokuthi lokho kusongela izimpilo zentsha.
Ukuqondisa ubutabane kungase kube ngenye yezindlela eziningi umengameli waseTanzania, uJohn Pombe Magufuli, ahlose ngayo ukukhombisa ubuqotho bakhe ekuguquleni iTanzania ibe yizwe elihlonipha umthetho, elingenayo inkohlakalo, okuwuphawu olubalulekile lwenkundla yakhe yezepolitiki ngesikhathi enqoba ukhetho ngo. 2015. NgoJuni 2017, u-Magufuli wamemezela ukuthi ukulungele ukulwa nobungqingili ngisho noma lokho kusho ukuyeka usizo lwangaphandle, esola amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngokungenisa le mikhuba kanye nezidakamizwa.
NgoJulayi 2016, amafutha okugcoba avalwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi akhuthaza ucansi lwendunu kanye nokusabalala kwe-HIV/AIDS. Khonamanjalo, amaphoyisa asebenzisa uphenyo olwamukelekile ngokomthetho ukuze aphenye abasolwa ngobulili obufanayo, naphezu kokukhala kwezinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu kanye nezempilo. NgoSepthemba 2017, iphephandaba lombuso i-Daily Nation lishicilele ingosi ehlazisayo efundeka njengekhwelo lokuthathela izinyathelo abantu abayizitabane.
Omunye umjikelezo wokuboshwa kwabantu ngo-Okthoba 2017 eDar es Salaam, inhloko-dolobha yezamasiko eTanzania, kubalwa nommeli waseNingizimu Afrika wamalungelo abantu, uSibongile Ndashe, umqondisi omkhulu we-Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa, osolwa ngokugqugquzela ubutabane ngenkathi esebenza eTanzania. odabeni olungase lunciphise izinsizakalo zezempilo ezindaweni zokuquba kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV.
UNdashe nozakwabo ababili, owase-Uganda noyedwa waseNingizimu Afrika, baboshwa ngaphandle kwamacala, bagqunywa kungafanele isonto lonke bengamelwanga muntu, base bedingiswa, nokuyinto ithimba leStrategic Litigation likubona njengokuvuma amacala angekho ngempela elibekwe wona kodwa elokuhlukumeza nokusabisa. .
Ngokomholi wenhlangano evelele yamalungelo e-LGBTQ yaseDenmark owayeseTanzania ngesikhathi kuboshwa, “[labo ababoshiwe] bonke bahlukumezeke kakhulu futhi kusafanele babikele amaphoyisa. Icala alikavalwa kahle. I-Chesa [inhlangano ebambisene] isamisiwe, ngokwazi kwami.”
EPitoli, eNingizimu Afrika, ukuboshwa kukaNdashe ngokungeyikho kuqubule imibhikisho ngaphandle kweKhomishana eNkulu yaseTanzania, lapho amakhulu abebuthene khona ukuze azwakalise intukuthelo ngokuboshwa kwalaba. INingizimu Afrika, okuwukuphela kwezwe e-Afrika eligunyaze ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, inomlando omude noyinkimbinkimbi wamalungelo e-LGBTQ, kanti inxusa laseNingizimu Afrika e-Dar es Salaam kubikwa ukuthi liphendule uNdashe nozakwabo ngesikhathi sobunzima.
Eyaziwa njengesizwe sase-Afrika esibekezelela kakhulu ekwamukeleni ukuzihlonza kwe-LGBTQ, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika be-LGBTQ banenkululeko enkulu nokuzimela kunomakhelwane babo eKenya, eTanzania nase-Uganda. Nakuba kube khona ukubambisana nokuzwana phakathi kwezishoshovu ze-LGBTQ zaseNingizimu Afrika kanye ne-East African, isifiso sezombangazwe nesenkolo sokusekela amalungelo abantu be-LGBTQ sisebuthakathaka.
I-Ilga, emele i-International Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Trans Association, ilandele imithetho ephathelene nokuthambekela kwezocansi eMpumalanga Afrika, futhi nakuba kungewona wonke amazwe akhuluma ngabantu besifazane abathandana nobulili obufanayo, “abesifazane babhekana nokucwaswa okufanayo emphakathini kanye nokucwaswa futhi baqhutshwa ngomshoshaphansi nakakhulu. ngenxa yeqhaza elivamile labesifazane: bacasha kakhulu, okuvele kubangele ezinye izinhlobo zobuhlungu obunjengokuzonda abantu bobulili obufanayo, ukuzicwasa,” ngokusho komholi we-LGBTQ waseDenmark, ocele ukungadalulwa, ngenxa yokuzwela okwedlulele kwalesi sihloko.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amazwe anjenge-Uganda neTanzania athole izincomo eziningi zokuthi kungabi semthethweni, ukungabandlululi kanye nezinyathelo zempilo ngokubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, inqubo yokuzithandela eholwa uMkhandlu Wamalungelo Abantu ukuhlola isimo samalungelo abantu ezweni. Izincomo eziningi zenqatshwa ngenhlonipho, okufakazela ukuthi izimiso zamasiko eziqinile ngokuvamile zisibekela ingcindezi yamazwe ngamazwe yokucabangela amalungelo e-LGBTQ.
E-Tanzania, uMongameli Magufuli wenza amagagasi lapho exosha inhloko ye-UN Development Programme ngo-April 2017 ngezinsolo “zokonakala kokusebenza.” U-Magufuli naye akazange ahambele ukuvulwa kwaminyaka yonke kwe-UN General Assembly ngoSepthemba, eveza isidingo sokugcina izindleko ziphansi.
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