Njengoba kuqhubeka i-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP27, kukhona amathemba okuthi 'i-COP yase-Afrika' izohlanganisa izimali kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kube ne-Afrika ekwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu.
Umlimi uNdaula Liwela, ophuma endaweni yaseMachita esifundazweni saseZambezi eNamibia, ukhomba izimbali ezisabalele zesihlahla sombao ezilele emhlabathini owomile eduze nomuzi wakhe. “Isithelo kulo nyaka sizoba sincane futhi sibe mbalwa,” esho, nakuba lesi sihlahla esingokomfanekiso saziwa ngokukwazi ukugcina amanzi futhi sichume ezimweni ezomile. Sekuphele amasonto ambalwa ejwayele ukutshala izitshalo zakhe, “kodwa sayeka ukulima lapho sibona amafu engakaqali nokwakhiwa”.
Njengoba I-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP27 yenzeka e-Sharm el-Sheikh, e-Egypt, kusukela mhla ziyisi-6 kuya zingama-18 kuLwezi wezi-2022, kunethemba lokuthi 'i-COP yase-Afrika' izohlanganisa izimali kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kube nesimo sezulu- i-Afrika eqinile, kodwa lokhu akusho lutho kuLiwela, okukhathazeka kwakhe ngokushesha kumayelana nendlela yokondla umndeni wakhe phezu kwekusasa elingaqinisekiswanga.
Umuzi wakhe osesifundazweni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Namibia ungaphakathi kwe-Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), ipaki enqamula amazwe amahlanu eyakhiwe ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ngenkathi isekela abantu abahlala endaweni. Akukude nomfula iZambezi, kodwa amanzi ayindlala. Unyaka nonyaka, uLiwela uziphilisa ngokuvuna i-baobab nezinye izithelo zasendle, kodwa kulo nyaka, ngisho nalesi sidlo sasendle sibukeka singamdumaza.
Izingxenye eziningi zase-Afrika ziya ngokuya zithinteka ngenxa yenkathi yokomisa ekhula ngokushisa kakhulu nezimvula ezifika kamuva. Izehlakalo ezidlulele njengesomiso ziyanda ngokuvama nokuba nzima.
“Indaba kaLiwela ayiyona yodwa. Ngonyaka odlule, sixoxisane nabalimi, abadobi, abavuna utshani, nabanye abaningi abathembele emithonjeni yemvelo kulesi sifunda. Bayibonile imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekhonweni labo lokuziphilisa. Lokhu kubashiya engcupheni, hhayi nje emithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa nakwezinye izinto ezishaqisayo, njengobhubhane lwe-COVID-19,” kusho uSigrid Nyambe we-WWF Namibia. Ubesebenza nemiphakathi yakulesi sifunda ukuqoqa imininingwane ngemithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emiphakathini njengengxenye yohlelo lweWWF Lwezixuku Zezulu. Lolu lwazi lwazisa amaphrojekthi okulinga ukusiza imiphakathi yasemakhaya ukuthi izivumelanise nezinguquko ebhekana nazo kuyilapho kunciphisa ingcindezi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Umbiko wakamuva we-IPCC Working Group II mayelana Nemithelela, Ukuzijwayeza, kanye nokuba Sengozini ubonisa ukuthi izingozi eziningi zesimo sezulu zinkulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika asengozini. Amazwe amaningi afake izixazululo ezisekelwe emvelweni njengengxenye yezinhlelo zawo kazwelonke zokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa adinga ukwesekwa kwezezimali nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo emazingeni aphansi.
Ekhuluma neForamu Yezezimali Yezixazululo Ezisekelwe Kwezemvelo ehlelwe yiKomidi Elimisiwe Lezezimali le-UNFCCC, iPhini LikaNobhala Omkhulu Wezokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu we-UN u-Ovais Sarmad uthe: “Sibhekene nenkinga ekabili yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemvelo. Zombili zixhumene ngendlela engenakuhlukaniswa. Ukucekelwa phansi okuhlangene, okuhlangene kuba kubi kakhulu ngosuku. Uma imvelo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuxhumene, kunengqondo ukuthi izixazululo ezisekelwe emvelweni zisenhliziyweni yokubhekana nakho kokubili.”
Nokho, ngokuka-Inger Andersen, uMqondisi Omkhulu we-United Nations Environment Programme, esihlokweni sakamuva se-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, “cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-133 kuphela afakwa ezixazululweni ezisekelwe emvelweni, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kuphindwe kathathu ngo-2030. ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinjongo zesimo sezulu, imvelo, kanye nokungathathi hlangothi komhlaba.”
“Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sibone izinhlekelele ezimbili, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nobhubhane lomhlaba wonke - luhlangana. Kokubili kuthinta imiphakathi esengozini kakhulu futhi kuthinta indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo nemithombo yabo yemvelo, "kusho umqondisi we-WWF wesimo sezulu, imiphakathi, nezilwane zasendle uNikhil Advani. Isibonelo, eNamibia, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nobhubhane kokubili kwenyusa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwemithombo yemvelo, kusho u-Advani, ophinde aphathe i-African Nature-Based Tourism Platform. Le phrojekthi yethulwa ngo-2021 ukuze ixhumanise abaxhasi bezimali emiphakathini ebambe iqhaza kwezokuvakasha okusekelwe emvelweni kuwo wonke amazwe angu-11 empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika, esiza ukuhlonza imiphakathi namabhizinisi ashayeke kanzima kanye nezidingo zawo ezicindezela kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantu baseNamibia okwaxoxwa nabo ngo-2021-2022 ngephrojekthi Yesixuku Sesimo Sezulu babike imithelela eqondile ezilwaneni zasendle zasendaweni, okuhlanganisa amazinga aphezulu okufa kanye nokufudukela kwezilwane zasendle kwezinye izindawo lapho amanzi nokudla kukuchichima kakhulu. Amaphesenti angu-62 abaphendulile abike ukuthi izitshalo zehlulekile noma zikhiqize kancane kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, futhi u-XNUMX% uphawule ukwehla kwempilo yemfuyo. Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabaphendulile zithe izithelo zasendle ezivunwa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka nazo ziyehla. Futhi njengoba kuba nzima ukuthola imithombo yemvelo, abantu abaningi nemfuyo yabo baxabana nezilwane zasendle.
"Imininingwane esiyiqoqile ikhombisa ukuthi sidinga ukugxila kakhulu emizamweni yokuzivumelanisa nezimo evikela abantu abasengozini enkulu," kusho yena. Ngaphakathi kwe-KAZA, kunezibonelo namathuba okwakha amandla okuqina ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziphinde zibe amasu okumelana nesimo sezulu. Lawa maphrojekthi okulinga asebenzayo, ahambisana nemvelo aqaliswa ngeSixuku Sesimo Sezulu ngokuvamile athola izixazululo ezilolongelwe ulwazi lwendabuko lomphakathi, lwendabuko kanye nezinqubo zendawo.
Ukufuywa kwezinyosi kuyimboni ehambisana nemvelo engasiza imiphakathi ukuthi ibhekane nezivuno zezitshalo ezingalindelekile. Intsha kule miphakathi ivamisile ukungasebenzi futhi ayinakho ukufinyelela emisebenzini engenisa imali njengoba ukulima okunezimvula kuncipha. ENamibia, omunye umsebenzi onjalo uhilela ukuqeqesha intsha yaseMuyako, Omega 3, naseLuitcikxom eBwabwata National Park ngokufuywa kwezinyosi. UDavid Mushavanga, umlimi wezinyosi wendawo oseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16, uzosebenzisa le phrojekthi ngokubambisana ne-WWF Climate Crowd kanye noMnyango Wezemvelo, Amahlathi, Nezokuvakasha.
Eminye imiklamo eyenziwa eNamibia izogxila ekwandiseni ukuvikeleka kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula kanye nama-boreholes asebenza ngelanga, ukulima okuhlakaniphile kwesimo sezulu, ukufaka izitofu zokupheka ezihlanzekile, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuziphilisa ezifana nokwenza imisebenzi yezandla.
“I-Climate Crowd iwuhlelo oluya phezulu, oluqhutshwa umphakathi. Kubalulekile ukusekela amaphrojekthi umphakathi ozwa umuzwa wobunikazi phezu kwawo. Lawa maphrojekthi angabasiza bakhe amandla okumelana nokushaqeka okuningi kanye nezingcindezi. Izimo eziphuthumayo zezemvelo ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu zingadala umonakalo kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho omkhulu kakhulu kunalowo obangelwa yi-COVID-19,” kusho u-Advani.
NgeClimate Crowd kanye ne-African Nature-based Tourism Platform, i-WWF isebenza nezinhlangano zokuphatha imithombo yemvelo ezisekelwe emphakathini kwamanye amazwe amaningana asempumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika ukuhlinzeka ngezimali nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezixazululo ezivikela imvelo yemvelo futhi kusizakale abantu ngenkathi yakhela ukukhuthazela esikhathini esizayo. ukushaqeka kanye nezingcindezi.
Isibonelo eMalawi, iphrojekthi esanda kuxhaswa ngezimali eholwa nguzakwethu we-African Nature-Based Tourism Platform i-KAWICCODA, isekela ukukhuliswa kweminye imisebenzi yokuziphilisa evumela ukongiwa kwemvelo endaweni engamakhilomitha amahlanu ezungeze iKasungu National Park.
“Kokubili inkinga yesimo sezulu kanye nobhadane kusongela inhlalakahle yabantu nemvelo, yingakho sidinga ngokushesha ukuvivinya amaphrojekthi enza abantu nemvelo bakwazi ukuqina. Singafunda kulezi zinhlelo eziholwa emazingeni aphansi. Bese singawakala,” kusho u-Advani.
Ibhalwe nguDianne Tipping-Woods
LOKHO ONGAKUTHATHE KULESI SIHLOKO:
- As the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP27 takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from 6 to 18 November 2022, there are hopes that ‘the African COP' will mobilise the funds and actions needed for a climate-resilient Africa, but this means very little to Liwela, whose immediate concern is around how to feed her family in the face of an increasingly uncertain future.
- Yet, according to Inger Andersen, Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, in a recent article for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, “only about 133 billion dollars are channeled into nature-based solutions, and investments must triple by 2030 to meet the climate, the nature, and land-neutrality targets.
- This project was launched in 2021 to connect funders to communities involved in nature-based tourism across 11 countries in eastern and southern Africa, helping to identify the hardest-hit communities and enterprises and their most pressing needs.
