Inhliziyo Efudumele Yezokuvakasha: I-Malawi igubha uSuku Lwenkululeko

IMalawi, izwe elivalekile eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, ichazwa ngokuma kwezindawo eziphakeme ezihlukaniswe yiGreat Rift Valley kanye neChibi elikhulu laseMalawi.

Indawo eseningizimu yechibi ingena phakathi kweLake Malawi National Park – evikela izilwane zasendle ezinhlobonhlobo kusukela ezinhlanzini ezimibalabala kuya ezimfeneni – futhi amanzi alo acwebile adumile ngokutshuza nokuhamba ngezikebhe. IPeninsular Cape Maclear yaziwa ngezindawo zayo zokungcebeleka zasolwandle. 

I-Warm Heart yase-Afrika, eMalawi, ishaya ngokushesha manje futhi ukwamukelwa okuyinganekwane kukhona kubo bonke abafisa ukuzwa inhlanganisela engenakuqhathaniswa Lake, Emazweni, Izilwane zasendle & Amasiko kwelinye lamazwe ase-Afrika amahle kakhulu futhi ahlangene. Muva nje uthweswe umqhele njengomunye we I-Lonely Planet Ehamba phambili Emazweni Ahamba Phambili Kangangoba ka-2022 (ukuvela kwesibili okumangalisayo kulolo hlu oluhlonishwayo eminyakeni yamuva) Ukuvakasha kwaseMalawi kuhlelwe ukuthi kubuyele emgudwini okhuphukayo owawukhona ngaphambi kobhubhane.

Ichazwa ngokuthi 'Inhliziyo Efudumele Yase-Afrika', leli tshe eliyigugu elingaziwa laleli zwekazi elihlukahlukene linokuningi esingakunikeza; izilwane zasendle, isiko, uhambo, indawo, kanye nechibi lesithathu ngobukhulu e-Afrika. Indawo abaya kuyo unyaka wonke, abanye baze bafike bachaze iMalawi njengendawo ekhangayo nephelele kunazo zonke e-Afrika!

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyisimangalo esiyihaba sezwe elincane kangako kodwa iqiniso lisekuhlanganiseni okuyingqayizivele kwezinto ezihehayo iMalawi okufanele inikeze zona.

Ungakutholaphi okunye ukusebenzelana kwamasiko okucebile kanjalo nokwamukela ngemfudumalo okuqotho ezweni elinokuthula ngokwalo? Kukuphi kwenye indawo lapho ungathola khona i-kaleidoscope ehlukahlukene kangaka endaweni encane kangaka? Lapha unentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Afrika emaphakathi, udedangendlale wamathafa aphakeme anokubukwa okubonakala kungenamkhawulo, amahlathi namapaki ezilwane angonakalisiwe futhi, igugu elisemqhele, ichibi lesithathu ngobukhulu nelihle kakhulu e-Afrika - ulwandle lwangaphakathi ngempela.

Njengoba i-safari ejabulisayo manje isiqhudelana nomakhelwane bayo ngenxa yoguquko oluqhubekayo lwezilwane zasendle olulethwa i-Africa Parks, kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani iMalawi manje isithandwa kangaka.

Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseMalawi ibalulekile emnothweni wonkana wezwe futhi isekela inqwaba yabantu baseMalawi bendawo ngokuqashwa namaphrojekthi omphakathi, kanye nokusiza ukonga ingcebo yemvelo yezwe. Njengoba izama ukululama emonakalweni odalwe yi-COVID-19, futhi iqhubeka nendima yayo ebalulekile, imboni yenza konke engakwenza ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yezivakashi zayo.

Namuhla uNobhala Wezwe waseMelika uthumela lokhu kubingelela okulandelayo kubantu baseMalawi.

Egameni le-United States, ngidlulisa izilokotho zami ezinhle kanye nokuhalalisela kubantu kanye nohulumeni waseRiphabhulikhi yaseMalawi ngokugubha iminyaka engama-58 inkululeko yenu.

Namuhla sigubha umlando wokuzigqaja waseMalawi wokuzinza kwentando yeningi kanye neminyaka yethu yobudlelwane obuseduze. I-United States ijabulela ubudlelwano obuqinile nawo wonke amazinga kahulumeni waseMalawi, izinkampani ezizimele kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ngokubambisana, silwela ukwakha ikusasa eliqhakazile, eliphephile neliqhakazile kubantu baseMalawi nabaseMelika ngokufanayo. Sithulela isigqoko imizamo yenu yokuqinisa intando yeningi, ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, kanye nokugqugquzela ukuthula e-Afrika eseningizimu nangale kwayo.

Njengoba iMalawi igubha uSuku lwayo Lwenkululeko, i-United States iyakuthokozela ukuma nabalingani bethu baseMalawi nabangane.

Umlando waseMalawi

Iminyaka engu-56 yathola inkululeko kanye neminyaka engama-62 kusukela umsunguli wayo, uHastings Kamuzu Banda, wabuyela ekoloni lamaNgisi eNyasaland ngemva kokusebenza nokufunda phesheya.

Izwe laba yilungu lokuqala leFederation of Rhodesia neNyasaland (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe) ukuthola inkululeko.

Umlando ukhombisa ukuthi ubunzima bezwe ngaphansi kukaBanda babonakala ngesikhathi kusungulwa iMalawi. Ukwamukela kwakhe amazwe aseNtshonalanga ngokungananazi kanye nokuba khona kwezithunywa zaseSouthern Rhodesia emgubhweni wenkululeko yaseMalawi kukhomba kuthando lukaBanda lokusebenzisa imibuso emikhulu kanye nohulumeni abamhlophe onobandlululo bakulesi sifunda.

UBanda, owayesigxekile isinqumo samaNgisi sokuhlanganisa iNyasaland neSouthern Rhodesia ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, waxolela bonke ngesikhathi iMalawi ithola inkululeko.

Edilini neNkosana uPhilip ngosuku olwandulela inkululeko wamemezela: “Angisenamunyu. Ingxabano yethu nohulumeni wamaNgisi isiphelile. Bangabangane bethu.” Ezimisele ukukhombisa ukuthi lokhu akulona izinkulumo, uBanda washiya isizwe esakhula ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa waya kokuzijabulisa nabaholi bomhlaba engqungqutheleni yeCommonwealth Prime Ministers eLondon. Futhi umbusi-jikelele wekoloni, uGlyn Jones, wahlala iminyaka emibili esikhundleni eMalawi.   

UBanda uphinde wamukele iMelika, yona ebikade ingenandaba ngokuthumela izithunywa kumkhosi wokuthakazelela uzibuse. Njengophawu lokunganaki kweMalawi, ithimba laseMelika laliholwa uRufus Clement, umongameli wenyuvesi. Lokhu akuzange kuvimbe u-Banda ukuthi aqhubeke nokubhalelana nomongameli uLyndon Johnson nokumemezela ukusekela kwakhe iMpi YaseVietnam, ingxabano eyayiphikiswa yizizwe ezingachemile.

Ngalolu suku namuhla ngo-1964, iMalawi yathola inkululeko ngaphansi kweBrithani.  

Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-80 ngemva kokuhlasela kweYurophu ngemva kokuhlasela Ingqungquthela yaseBerlin. 

Ngo-1961, i-Malawi Congress Party (MCP) yathola iningi okhethweni loMkhandlu Wezomthetho futhi u-Banda waba uNdunankulu ngo-1963. I-Federation yahlakazwa ngo-1963, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, iNyasaland yakhululeka ekubusweni kwamaNgisi futhi yaziqamba kabusha ngokuthi iMalawi, futhi. lokho kukhunjulwa njengoSuku Lwenkululeko yesizwe, iholidi lomphakathi. Ngaphansi komthethosisekelo omusha, iMalawi yaba yiriphabhulikhi uBanda njengomongameli wayo wokuqala.

Eduze kwasekhaya, uWinston Field, undunankulu waseRhodesia osanda kwehliswa esikhundleni (owaqhubeka eyilungu lePhalamende ku-Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front) ubengumngane kaBanda iminyaka eminingana. Bahlanganyela phezu kwamahlaya aphathelene nendodana kaField, uSimon, owayemfushane kunoBanda onciphayo. UField ubehambele imigubho yenkululeko kodwa bekungeyena yedwa oyilungu lalowo hulumeni owenze lokho. USmith wathumela ungqongqoshe wakhe wezolimo, u-Lord Angus Graham. Amathrendi kwakungowokuhlukaniswa kukaHulumeni waseRhodesia kanye nesinqumo sikaBanda sokusingatha ithimba lanikeza iRhodesia ukubaluleka okukhulu kwenkulumo-ze.

Iziphathimandla zeRhodesian nazo cishe zajabula ngokusekela kukaBanda iZimbabwe African National Union (Zanu). Selokhu kwasungulwa iZanu ngomnyaka odluleyo, uBanda ubengumsekeli weqembu elilwela ubuzwe elahlubuka kuZimbabwe African People’s Union (Zapu) kaJoshua Nkomo, ukuhlukana okwanciphisa ingcindezi kuhulumeni kaSmith.

Isikhulumeli seZapu uWilliam Mukurati ubike ukuthi iZapu kayikamenywanga ngitsho emkhosini wokunanza uzibuse weMalawi. Wengeze wathi: “Noma ngabe kwafika oyedwa, besingeke siye lapho kumenywe khona uhulumeni weZanu noSmith.”

IZanu ithumele iqula lamalunga edlula amatshumi amabili elikhokhelwa ngunobhala jikelele webandla leli, uRobert Mugabe.

UMugabe wajabulela ubudlelwano obuhle noBanda ngemuva kokuthola inkululeko yaseZimbabwe - umholi waseMalawi wavula ihhovisi elisha leZanu-PF eHarare ngo-1990. Kodwa ukwanga kukaBanda uMugabe akuzange kuqhubeke ngesikhathi somzabalazo wenkululeko yaseZimbabwe. Umdlandla wakhe ngeZanu wafiphala ngesikhathi efika endaweni egcwele abantu abamhlophe.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1960, uBanda wayeseyishiyile ngokusobala inhlangano yesizwe yaseZimbabwe futhi wahlanganyela namaqembu amancane ezombusazwe abamnyama njengeNational People’s Union eyayibambe iqhaza kuhlaka lwepolitiki yomthethosisekelo.

Imizabalazo eqhubekayo yokubamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki ngokugcwele nangokukhululekile eMalawi iphakamisa ukuthi umzuzu wokubumba wezwe uyaqhubeka nokubumba ukuziphatha kwezepolitiki.