“IBuffalo Bill” Cody: Umgqugquzeli wezokuvakasha eWild West

UWilliam Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (1846-1917) wayeyinganekwane yaseMelika, umzingeli wezinyathi, inhloli kahulumeni, umbukiso waseWild West, umgibeli wepony express kanye nonjiniyela wamahhotela. Ngo-1902, uCody wavula i-Irma Hotel ebizwa ngendodakazi yakhe. Ulindele isibalo esandayo sezivakashi eziza e-Cody, e-Wyoming, ku-Burlington Railway esanda kwakhiwa. Yize iningi labantu baseMelika lalazi ngomthethosivivinywa weBuffalo Bill ngenxa yombukiso wakhe waseWild West, ubebuye abe ngumgqugquzeli wezokuvakasha e-Yellowstone National Park.

Ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uBill Cody waba umgibeli wePony Express eneminyaka eyishumi nane. Phakathi neMpi Yombango yaseMelika, wakhonza eButhweni Lezempi Lombuso kusukela ngo-1863 kuya ku-1865. Kamuva, wasebenza njengenhloli yezempi yase-US Army phakathi nezimpi zaseNdiya futhi waklonyeliswa ngeNdondo Yokuhlonishwa ngo-1872 ngenxa yobuqhawe.

Inganekwane kaBuffalo Bill yaqala ukusabalala lapho iseneminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukwenza imibukiso ye-cowboy eyayineziqephu ezivela emngceleni kanye nezimpi zaseNdiya. Wasungula iBuffalo Bill's Wild West ngo-1883, ethatha inkampani yakhe enkulu ohambweni lwase-United States futhi waqala ngo-1887 eGreat Britain nasezwenikazi lase-Europe. Wavakashela i-Europe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ngo-1906. Umbukiso waba yimpumelelo kakhulu eYurophu, okwenza uCody waba ngusaziwayo wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesithonjana saseMelika. UMark Twain waphawula, “Kuvame ukuthiwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwamanzi ukuthi akukho nowodwa wemibukiso esiwuthumela eNgilandi ongowaseMelika futhi ocacile. Uma uzoyisa umbukiso waseWild West ungasusa leso sihlamba.”

Ngemva kokuvula Ihhotela i-Irma ngo-1902, uCody waqeda ukwakhiwa kwe-Wapiti Inn kanye ne-Pahasca Teepee ngo-1905 ngosizo lweciko, umlimi kanye ne-philanthropist u-Abraham Archibald Anderson. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1870, u-Anderson wafunda ezobuciko eParis, okokuqala noLéon Bonnat, wabe esengaphansi kuka-Alexandre Cabanel, uFernand Cormon, u-Auguste Rodin, noRaphaël Collin. U-Anderson wakha idumela ngezithombe zakhe. Isithombe sakhe sango-1889 sikaThomas Alva Edison siseNational Portrait Gallery eWashington DC.

Ngo-1900, u-Anderson wagunyaza isakhiwo se-Bryant Park Studios esinezitezi ezingu-10 saseNew York ngumdwebi wezakhiwo uCharles A. Rich. Itholakala ohlangothini oluseningizimu yeBryant Park, amafasitela ayo anomusa nosilingi abaphezulu bakhelwe ngokukhethekile amaciko. U-Anderson wagcina eyakhe indawo esitezi esiphezulu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. IBryant Park Studios yaduma ngokushesha, futhi abaqashi babehlanganisa uJohn LaFarge, uFrederick Stuart Church, uWinslow Homer, u-Augustus Saint-Gaudens noWilliam Merritt Chase. Isakhiwo sisamile.

Ebuyela e-United States ehlobo, u-Anderson wathenga umhlaba enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Wyoming futhi wawuthuthukisa waba iPalette Ranch. Waklama mathupha ipulazi lezivakashi likaWilliam “Buffalo Bill” Cody iPahaska Teepee, kanye nekhaya lakhe, i-Anderson Lodge. Leyo ndawo yaba yindlunkulu yokuqala yokuphatha ye-Yellowstone Forest Reserve ngo-1902, njengoba uMongameli Roosevelt ebiza u-Anderson njengoNsumpa Okhethekile Wokuqala Wezindawo Zokugcinwa Kwamahlathi. U-Anderson wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekulondolozweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesifunda sase-Yellowstone.

Lezi zakhiwo zazitholakala endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-50 phakathi kweCody nesango elisempumalanga ye-Yellowstone Park ku-Yellowstone Trail eyamenyezelwa “njengenhle kakhulu yamamayela angu-50 eMelika” nguMongameli u-Theodore Roosevelt. I-Pahaska Tepee yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1903 no-1905 njengendawo yokuzingela kanye nehhotela lasehlobo futhi isohlwini lweRejista Yezomlando Kazwelonke. Igama layo lasuselwa emagameni athi “pahinhonska” (igama lesiLakota leBuffalo Bill) elisho “izinwele ezinde zekhanda,” kanye nelithi “teepee” (lodge) okuholela “kuLonghair’s Lodge”. Yakhiwa ngemuva kokuthi ulayini weChicago-Burlington-Quincy Railroad spur kanye nomgwaqo kahulumeni oya eCody usuqediwe.

I-Wapiti Inn ibitholakala phakathi nohambo lwenqola yosuku ukusuka e-Cody kanti i-Pahaska Teepee ibiphakathi kohambo lwezinsuku ezimbili. Izimoto bezivinjelwe ukusuka e-Yellowstone kuze kube ngu-1915 ukuze i-Pahaska Teepee ibe yindawo yokugcina yezimoto ezingena ePaki. Njengoba izimoto ezengeziwe zazivunyelwe ukungena e-Yellowstone, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke e-Wapiti Inn kwenqaba futhi ihhotela labhidlizwa. Izingodo zasetshenziselwa ukwakha indlu enkulu ePahaska Teepee. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-Teepee yisakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili esinobude obungamamitha angu-83.5 no-60. Isakhiwo sibheke empumalanga, phansi kwesigodi soMfula iShoshone. Izinga elikhulu lizungezwe amavulandi enyakatho, eningizimu nasempumalanga ngomnyango omkhulu ogxile kuvulandi osempumalanga. Izicabha ezimbili ziholela ehholo elifinyelela ophahleni elinendawo yomlilo yamatshe ekugcineni. Igumbi lokudlela lingemuva kweziko. Ihholo lizungezwe amagalari e-mezzanine. Igumbi elincane lamakamelo phezu kompheme osempumalanga lalisetshenziswa uCody. I-Pahaska Teepee isebenza njengendawo yokungcebeleka yezintaba futhi yafakwa ohlwini lweRejista Kazwelonke Yezindawo Zomlando ngo-1973. Yayibizwa ngokuthi "Igugu LamaRockies" yiBuffalo Bill.

I-Irma Hotel iyindawo eyingqophamlando e-Cody, e-Wyoming enebha edumile eyenziwe nge-cherry-wood eyayiyisipho ku-Buffalo Bill yiNdlovukazi u-Victoria. I-Irma yavula ngephathi ngoNovemba 18, 1902, eyayihanjelwe abezindaba kanye nezicukuthwane ezivela kude njengaseBoston. Ihhotela ngokushesha laba isikhungo senhlalo sikaCody. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uBuffalo Bill wayengaphansi kwengcindezi yabakweletwayo futhi waphoqeleka ukuba asayine ihhotela kumkakhe uLouisa ngo-1913, owayengazwani kahle naye ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemva kokushona kukaCody ngo-1917, ihhotela ladlulwa futhi lathengiswa kwaBarney Link. Ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka indawo ka-Link yadayisela uLouisa indawo, owayeyiphethe waze washona ngo-1925. Abanikazi abasha, uHenry noPearl Newell, balikhulisa kancane ihhotela, bakha isithasiselo cishe ngo-1930 ohlangothini olusentshonalanga ukuze kuhlaliswe izimoto. -abavakashi. Ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe ngo-1940, uPearl Newell waphatha leli hhotela kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1965. Washiya iqoqo elikhulu lesikhumbuzo seBuffalo Bill e-Buffalo Bill Historical Centre futhi wabeka ukuthi imali etholakala kule ndawo izosetshenziswa njengesipho semnyuziyamu. . Ihhotela i-Irma lisavulekele ibhizinisi njengehhotela nendawo yokudlela. Ifakwe kuRejista Kazwelonke Yezindawo Zomlando, ebhalwe ngo-1973.

I-Wapiti Lodge yomlando iyindawo evuselelwe kahle etholakala enhliziyweni yeNorthfork Valley, ebheke eMfuleni iShoshone. Yakhiwa ngo-1904 esikhundleni se-Wapiti Inn ediliziwe ngu-Ben noMary Simpers, yaziwa ngokuthi i-Green Lantern Tourist Camp, futhi kukholakala ukuthi iyisikhungo sokuqala sokuba nelayisensi yokuthengisa ubhiya ngemuva kokuchithwa kwe-Prohibition. AbakwaSimpers baphinde baqala insizakalo yokudla yokuqala kulesi sigodi, bephakela izivakashi kanye nabantu bendawo isidlo sakusihlwa senkukhu. AbakwaSimpers babe sebethengisela u-FO Sanzenbacker ngo-1931, futhi igama lashintshwa laba yi-Wapiti Lodge. Indawo yokuhlala yashintsha phakathi namashumi eminyaka, isuka egalaji likaphethiloli, isitolo esijwayelekile, iposi, nendawo yokudlela, manje isibuyela ekunikezeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni ukuphumula nokuzijabulisa kubahambi bendawo. Le ndawo yaze yasetshenziswa njengekhaya lePosi laseWapiti kusukela ngo-1938 kwaze kwaba ngu-2010. Nakuba iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu ikhona, isikhathi siye saba nomusa ekulondolozeni isakhiwo nomusa weloji. Namuhla, indawo yokulala iveza uhlamvu kanye nokukhangayo kuka-Wyoming, nokuncane kokudala okuhlanganiswe nokunethezeka okulindeleke abahambi abanokuqonda.

Ngaphezu kwendlu nekhabhini, sekuyatholakala ama-suites ayisithupha, wonke athwebula isitayela nobuhle besikhathi esedlule nesamanje. I-Lodge izidla ngokunethezeka kwesimanje kanye nokunethezeka kwezivakashi ezinamakhishi, amafoni, i-WIFI cable TV, ibhulakufesi lezwekazi, izindawo zokuhlangana, kanye negumbi lemidlalo lezingane kanye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo. Indawo ekhangayo ezungeze indawo yokuhlala iyibhonasi eyengeziwe kanye nokudoba endaweni yangasese yoMfula iShoshone.

Njengomhloli wemingcele, uCody wayebahlonipha aboMdabu baseMelika futhi esekela amalungelo abo omphakathi. Uqashe abaningi babo ngeholo elihle nethuba lokuthuthukisa izimpilo zabo. Wake wathi “konke ukuqubuka kwamaNdiya engake ngikwazi kuye kwabangelwa izithembiso eziphulwayo nokuphulwa kwezivumelwano zikahulumeni.” UCody uphinde wasekela amalungelo abantu besifazane. Uthe, “Esifuna ukukwenza wukunikeza abesifazane inkululeko eyengeziwe kunaleyo abanayo. Mabenze noma yimuphi umsebenzi abawubona ufanelekile, futhi uma bewenza ngendlela yamadoda, bakhokhele wona.” Emibukisweni yakhe, amaNdiya ayevame ukuvezwa ehlasela amakhoshi nezitimela zezinqola futhi exoshwa abafana bezinkomo namasosha. Amalungu omndeni amaningi ahamba namadoda, futhi uCody wakhuthaza amakhosikazi nezingane zabadlali bakhe boMdabu baseMelika ukuthi bamise amatende - njengoba bebengenza emazweni abo - njengengxenye yombukiso. Wayefuna umphakathi okhokhayo ubone uhlangothi lomuntu “lwamaqhawe anolaka” futhi ubone ukuthi anemindeni efana nanoma yimuphi omunye futhi anamasiko awo ahlukene. UCody wayaziwa nangokuthi umlondolozi wemvelo owakhuluma ngokumelene nokuzingela futhi wakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwenkathi yokuzingela.

IBuffalo Bill Centre yaseNtshonalanga iyindawo enkulu nesimanje etholakala eduze nenkaba yeCody. Iqukethe iminyuziyamu emihlanu endaweni eyodwa, okuhlanganisa iDraper Natural History Museum, iPlains Indian Museum, iCody Firearms Museum, iWhitney Western Art Museum kanye neBuffalo Bill Museum elandisa ngempilo kaWilliam F. Cody, isikhungo esiqanjwe ngaye. . Isikhungo somlando siyindawo eyintandokazi yezivakashi ezidlula edolobheni uma ziya noma zibuya e-Yellowstone. I-Old Trail Town, ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo zomlando zaseNtshonalanga ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu kanye nezinto zobuciko kutholakala e-Cody ngaphandle nje komgwaqo omkhulu i-Yellowstone. I-Rodeo ibalulekile esikweni le-Cody elizibiza ngokuthi "i-Rodeo Capital of the World". I-Cody Nite Rodeo iyi-rodeo eyimfundamakhwela ebanjwa njalo ebusuku kusukela ngoJuni 1 kuya ku-Agasti 31. U-Cody ubuye abe ne-Cody Stampede Rodeo, enye ye-rodeo enkulu kunazo zonke esizweni exhaswe yi-Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association ebanjwe kusukela ngoJulayi 14. minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1919.

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, yisiphathimandla nomxhumanisi ohlonishwayo embonini yehhotela. Usebenzisa ihhotela lakhe, ukungenisa izihambi kanye nomkhuba wokubonisana onakekela ukuphathwa kwempahla, ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku okusebenza nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokukhushulwa kwamahhotela nezabelo zokuxhaswa kwamacala. Amakhasimende angabanikazi bamahhotela, abatshalizimali nezikhungo ezibolekisa ngemali. Izincwadi zakhe zifaka phakathi: Ama-Great American Hoteliers: Amaphayona Wemboni Yehhotela (2009), Eyakhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100 + eNew York (2011), Akhelwe Ukugcina: Amahhotela Aneminyaka Engu-100+ Angena EMpumalanga yeMississippi (2013) ), IHotel Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar weWaldorf (2014), iGreat American Hoteliers Umqulu 2: Amaphayona Omkhakha Wehhotela (2016), kanye nencwadi yakhe entsha sha, Built To Last: 100+ Year -Old Hotels West of the Mississippi (2017) - etholakala nge-hardback, paperback, ne-Ebook format - lapho u-Ian Schrager abhale khona kwisandulelo: “Le ncwadi ethile iqedela umlando omathathu wemilando yamahhotela ayi-182 wezindawo zakudala ezinamakamelo angama-50 noma ngaphezulu… Nginomuzwa oqotho wokuthi zonke izikole zasehhotela kufanele zibe namasethi alezi zincwadi futhi zenze ukuthi zifundelwe abafundi bazo kanye nabasebenzi bazo. ”

Zonke izincwadi zombhali zinga-odwa kwa-AuthorHouse ngu ngokuchofoza lapha.