Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko Zokuthengwa Kwezimpahla Emkhakheni Wezindiza Nezokuvikela

1. Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 lubuyise yonke imboni yezindiza ngamadolo, ishiye abakhiqizi nabaphakeli ngokufanayo bexokozela ukubuyela ezingeni elijwayelekile lokukhiqiza.
2. Ohulumeni, bephendula umnotho okhubazekile, banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwemali ku-A & D ezintweni zamasosha.
3. Amabhizinisi azimele, ngokufanayo, anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwimishini ye-aerospace.

---

Lo mkhuba ushiye amafemu amaningi angenakho ukwethenjelwa uzakwethu wokuhlinzeka nge-aerospace ukudiyazela. Kepha akuyona inkinga yokuhlinzekwa kwe-A & D kuphela ehluphekayo. Ukuphathwa kweBiden kusanda kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezinsuku eziyi-100 yamaketanga wokuhlinzeka abucayi. Okutholakele kukhombise ubuthakathaka obuhlukahlukene embonini yokuthengwa kwempahla. 

Izwe laseMelika lehle lisuka emaphesentini angama-37 womkhiqizo we-semiconductor womhlaba wonke laya emaphesentini ayi-12 kule minyaka engama-20 edlule. I-United States manje ikhiqiza amaphesenti ayi-6 kuya kwayi-9 kuphela ama-logic chips avuthiwe, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-semiconductor. Ngokusho kukamongameli, leli phesenti eliphansi “lisongela zonke izingxenye zezinto ezidayisa ukwakhiwa kwama-semiconductor kanye nokuncintisana kwethu kwezomnotho isikhathi eside.”

Ukwehla kwamanani kuholele ekutheni abaphathi beBiden bamemezele “iqembu lesiteleka,” eliholwa yi-US Trade Representative uKatherine Tai, "elizophakamisa izenzo ezenziwa ngazimbili nezinhlangano zamazwe omelene nemikhuba yezentengiselwano engenabulungiswa eye yaqothula amaketanga abucayi."

Njengoba bobabili ababambiqhaza bakahulumeni nabezentengiselwano begxila endleleni engabizi ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zasemkhathini, abakhiqizi be-A & D kudingeka banciphise izindleko ukuze bathole amadili futhi bagcine imingcele yenzuzo. 

Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokusiza ezincane nezincane zezindiza Abakhiqizi bangathonya ukwenziwa kokuthengwa kwezindleko eziphansi:

1. Digitize supply chain 

I-classical supply chain model isebenza ngokulandelana, futhi abenzi bezinqubomgomo ngokuvamile banombono omncane wokuthengiselana okuphelele, okuholela ekubambeni okungenzeka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali okwandisiwe. 

Ukuthengwa kwedijithali, kepha, kunikeza umbono ophelele wohlu lokuhlinzekela ukucaciseleka okungcono, ubambiswano, ukuguquguquka, nezimpendulo ezisheshayo. Kalula nje, ukwenza i-digitization kusebenzise idatha ukwenza lula amaketanga okuhlinzeka. 

Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kusiza ekusebenzeni kochungechunge lokuphakelwa ngokuhlela futhi kunqunywe indawo yokugcina yezimpahla ezinokubandakanyeka okulinganiselwe komuntu.

 Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithatha amasheya, amasistimu wokubheka, ukukhiqizwa kwe-agile, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, neminye imishini ezilawulayo ingafakwa kusakhiwo se-supply chain sohlelo olusheshayo noluguquguqukayo. 

Ukufeza ukwenziwa kwedijithali kohlelo lwakho lokunikezela, kungadingeka ukuthi ubambisane nenkampani yokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Kunezinketho eziningi e-US. Lo mhlahlandlela ubala uhlu lwe- izinkampani ezihamba phambili zokulawulwa kokuthengwa kwempahla ezisebenza emkhakheni we-aerospace kanye nokuvikela.

2. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okubiza

Ukuqonda izindleko zabaphakeli namanani okuthengwa kwempahla kusiza abakhiqizi be-Aerospace nabezokuVikela ukuthola amanani anengqondo ngama-oda abo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izindleko zabaphakeli zilungisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindleko zingashintshwa uma umenzi enolwazi olufanele. Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko ngamasu kuyindlela yokuhamba.

Ngokusho kwe-US Umthethonqubo Wokutholwa Kwe-Federal (FAR) 15.407-4, ukuhlaziywa kwamasu okubiza izindleko kufanele kuhlolisise “ezomnotho nokusebenza kahle kosonkontileka abakhona, izindlela, izinto zokwakha, okokusebenza, impahla yangempela, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa.” 

Sincoma amamodeli amabili wokunquma uhlelo lwamanani alungile:

Imodeli ebiza izindleko: Kule ndlela, usonkontileka usebenzisa intengo yemakethe yezentengiselwano kanye nezomnotho ukuthola inani lemakethe elifanele lomkhiqizo. Le modeli ayicabangi ukuthi abathengisi babuza intengo kepha kunalokho ithola ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ubize ini ngokususelwa kuzinto ezifana nezinto zokusetshenziswa, izindleko zaphezulu, umsebenzi kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinyembezi: Ukuhlaziywa kokudiliza kudiliza umkhiqizo ube yizakhi ezincane ukuchaza inani lentengo noma inani lesakhi ngasinye ngokuya ngokusebenza kwaso. Ngaphandle kokuklanywa kwezimboni, leli thuluzi lihlola ubuchwepheshe, ubunzima, ukukhiqiza, ukuthembeka, ukuphepha, nezinye izici ezisebenzayo. 

Funda kabanzi ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi abiza kulesi sihloko.

3. Uhlu lokuhlola kanye namathuluzi

Izinhlangano kufanele futhi zikhiqize izinhlu zohlu lokuhlola kanye namathuluzi abaqondisi abazowasebenzisa ngaphambi kokwenza ukuthenga. Izinhlu zokuhlola ezinjengalezi zizoveza iziphakamiso ezinjengokuthi ngabe umkhiqizi unento ethile elungele isabelomali kodwa engenza umsebenzi ofanayo. 

Amathuluzi angaba ngamagrafu namaphepha okusebenzela asiza umqondisi ukushesha enze umugqa wokusebenza, abeke izindleko zababusayo nabanye abathengisi, futhi ahlole izitayela zemakethe. 

Abaqondisi kufanele babe nombono ocacile wezidingo kungakhathalekile ukuthi umphakeli ufuna ubuncane be-oda elincane. Umgomo akufanele kube nje ukugwema ukuqedela into ethile kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukubalwa.

4. Xoxa Ngokuphumelelayo nabahlinzeki

Abaningi I-Aerospace nezokuVikela izinkampani zikholelwa ukuthi azinayo imali eyanele yokuqinisekisa abathengisi bazo ukuthi banciphise amanani, ikakhulukazi abathengisi abagxilile abaxhunywe ezinhlelweni ezinkulu. 

Lezi zinkampani ngokuyinhloko ziyekela umdlalo ungakaqali. Noma izingxoxo kungezona ukuhamba epaki, kunezindlela ezimbalwa izinkampani ze-Aerospace nezokuVikela ezingazisebenzisa ukukhulisa izindleko.  

Thola inani lentengo evikelekile

Abakhiqizi abaningi imvamisa abanalo ulwazi oluncane mayelana ne-elemental economics yengxenye evela kumphakeli onikeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuza nenani elifanele lamaphuzu walokho okumele kubizwe yilowo okhethiwe. Izinkampani zingasebenzisa izindlela eziningi ukufeza lokhu.

Izinkampani zibheka ukuthi izindleko zomhlinzeki zomuntu othize ziwehlisa kanjani ijika lezindleko ngendlela ephezulu. Kumishini eyindida kakhulu, umkhiqizo wokuqala oqediwe ngaphandle komugqa womhlangano ubiza kakhulu kunekhulu, nakho okubiza kakhulu kunenkulungwane. 

Izinga lokwehla kwezindleko zesistimu isiyonke ubuhlobo obulinganiselwe phakathi kwenani lokukhiqiza elihlanganayo lenkampani nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Njengoba kunikezwe inani lamayunithi, uhlobo lomhlangano oludingekayo, kanye nezindleko zokuqala, ijika lezindleko likhombisa ukuthi yini umthengisi onesilinganiso esiphezulu okufanele ayifune ngemuva kwenani elithile. 

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezansi zokunquma izindleko ezihlosiwe. Indlela yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo ifaka phakathi ukubuka izici ezingaphansi kocezu lwemishini olunikeziwe. Lokho kuvame ukutholakala emakethe yamahhala, futhi izinkampani zinganquma inani elifanele ngayinye yazo, kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi ukuzihlanganisa. 

Izinkampani zingabheka futhi intengo yezakhi ezifanayo ezifanayo nezici ezihlobene. Azikho kulezi zindlela ezibonisa ubuwula, kepha ngokuzisebenzisa zonke, izinkampani zingakha ibanga lezindleko eziqondiwe ezifanele zento ethile. Lokho kubanikeza izizathu ezinokwethenjelwa nezilinganisekayo zokuxoxisana nomhlinzeki ukunciphisa izindleko.

Thuthukisa amaphuzu wokuphakela nomhlinzeki

Enye indlela yokuxoxisana ngempumelelo nabahlinzeki ukuthola izindawo ezingasetshenziswa. Ezimweni eziningi, izinkampani zingathola amandla amakhulu kakhulu kunalokho zicabanga ngokusebenzisa idatha etholakalayo kwezinye izindawo. Okokuqala, noma kunjalo, i-Original Equipment Manufacturers (i-OEMs) idinga ukuqonda ukuthi abahlinzeki benza kanjani inzuzo yabo nokuthi leyo mali ithambekele ekukhuleni isikhathi esithile.

Isibonelo, abanye abahlinzeki benza iningi lemali yabo ngokuthengisa kuma-OEM njengengxenye yesivumelwano sokuqala sohlelo. Abanye benza okuningi ngokuthengisa ngqo kohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele noma kuhulumeni wabo. 

Futhi, abanye bagcizelela okwenzeka ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwezingxenye ezingasetshenziswanga zemishini ephela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokubamba uhlelo lwenkampani yomhlinzeki, inkampani inganquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono yokuxhumana nomphakeli ukwakha amandla ngesikhathi sezingxoxo.