Egcwalisa isicelo eposini kuMidway Drive eSan Diego ngesonto eledlule, uFernando De Santiago ubephakathi kwamakhasimende omzuzu wokugcina abekade eklelile lapho ukuze athole iphasiphothi noma ikhadi lephasipoti ngoJuni.
Yize ukuya e-United States bekungaphansi kwemithetho eqinile isikhathi eside, umthethonqubo omusha oqala ngoJuni 1 uzokwenza unomphela izinsuku zokuhamba okuvamile, okungenamibhalo ukuya nokubuya eMexico kube yinkumbulo ekude kwizakhamizi zaseMelika.
Lapho zibuya ngamachweba asemhlabeni noma olwandle okungena uvela eMexico, eCanada, eBermuda naseCaribbean, izakhamizi zase-US kuzodingeka zilethe ipasipoti noma enye yemibhalo embalwa eyamukelwe: ikhadi lokungena, ikhadi “lomhambi othembekile” njenge Iphasi ye-SENTRI, noma ilayisense yokushayela ethuthukisiwe ngobuchwepheshe berediyo, ikhishwe kwezinye izifundazwe kodwa hhayi e-California.
Ushintsho, oluyingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, luwumphumela womthetho wezokuphepha kazwelonke owashaywa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Amaphasipoti ayedingeka kubahambi bezindiza ababebuya ngaphakathi kwesifunda ngoJanuwari 2007.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari wonyaka odlule, abahambi abaneminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu abangena kabusha ngomhlaba noma olwandle bekufanele balethe ubufakazi bokuba yisakhamuzi, njengesitifiketi sokuzalwa noma sobuzwe, kanye nomazisi wabo okhishwe uhulumeni. Izimemezelo zomlomo zokuba yisakhamuzi, osekuyisikhathi eside kuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ebuya e-Baja California, zaba yinto yesikhathi esidlule.
Ngokuqaliswa kokugcina kwesinyathelo sokuvakasha, amalayisense okushayela akhishwe nguhulumeni, amakhadi omazisi nezitifiketi zokuzalwa ngeke kube yimibhalo eyamukelekayo kubahambi abaneminyaka engu-16 nangaphezulu, nakuba izitifiketi zokuzalwa nezokuzalwa zisamukeleka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Umthetho omusha ngeke' t kuthinte izakhamuzi ezisemthethweni, ezihlala unomphela.
Eposini laseMidway Drive, elithatha abafaka izicelo zamapasi, olayini sebebude kunokuvamile isikhathi esingangenyanga, kusho uSusana Valenton, umabhalane wokwamukela amapasi.
"Ngezithuba zabo-8:45, sesinomugqa omude," kusho u-Valenton.
UDe Santiago, 42, oyisakhamuzi saseMelika iminyaka engu-15, uthe ulinde kwaze kwaba umzuzu wokugcina ngoba ubengasidingi ipasi - waze wabona ukuthi umthetho omusha uzophazamisa iholidi lakhe alihlelelwe ngoJuni ukuya eMexico. idolobha laseZacatecas, lapho azalelwa khona.
"Angizange ngibe nohambo oluhleliwe," kusho uDe Santiago ngenkathi ebhala imininingwane yakhe siqu esicelweni sekhadi lepasi. “Kungenjalo, bengingeke ngikwenze lokhu.”
U-De Santiago, ohlela ukundizela eZacatecas esuka eTijuana, akahambi kakhulu, ngakho wakhetha ikhadi lepasipoti elingabizi kakhulu, inketho entsha engasetshenziswa kuphela emachwebeni asemhlabeni nasolwandle lapho ebuya khona evela ezizweni ezimbozwe yi- isinyathelo. Ikhadi libiza u-$45, kanti incwadi yamapasi yendabuko ibiza u-$100. Ikhadi alikwazi ukusetshenziselwa uhambo lwendiza lwamazwe ngamazwe.
NgokoMnyango Wezwe LaseMelika, baningi abanikazi bamapasi e-US manje kunango-2002, lapho cishe amaphesenti ayi-19 kuphela ezakhamizi zase-US ezazinawo. Namuhla, amaphesenti angama-30 ezakhamizi zase-US aphethe amaphasipoti. Khonamanjalo, sekukhishwe amakhadi amapasi angaphezu kwesigidi kusukela kwaqala ukwenziwa ehlobo eledlule.
Ngenkathi kumenyezelwa imithetho emisha yokuvakasha ngo-2005, kwaba nokukhathazeka okuvela ezithakazelweni zebhizinisi nhlangothi zombili zomngcele wase-US-Mexico mayelana nemigqa emide ebheke enyakatho kanye nezokuvakasha ezicindezelekile ohlangothini oluseningizimu.
Izakhamizi zaseTijuana, izakhamizi zase-US phakathi kwazo, ziya emsebenzini eSan Diego County, kuyilapho i-Baja California sekuyisikhathi eside iyindawo yokuvakasha yezivakashi ezisuka kulo lonke elase-Southern California nangale kwayo.
Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka kuqale ukusebenza imfuneko yokuqala yobufakazi bokuba yisakhamuzi, kube nezinkinga ezimbalwa kunalokho obekusatshwa, kusho u-Angelika Villagrana, umqondisi omkhulu wenqubomgomo yomphakathi weSan Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce.
“Kube nokuningi ukuqwashisa, ngicabanga,” kusho yena. “Ngenxa yokuthi bayiqala kancane kancane, besuka lutho beya ezitifiketini zokuzalwa, abantu abawela kakhulu sebeyajwayela.”
UVillagrana uthe imboni yezokuvakasha isifinyelele ngempumelelo, yize kusenezivakashi ezingakwazi ukuwela eMexico ngoba bengenazo izincwadi ezifanele zokubuya.
Lokhu kuyaqhubeka nokukhathazeka abathengisi e-Baja California, lapho imboni yezokuvakasha ihlaselwe udlame lwezidakamizwa, ukuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni jikelele kanye nomkhuhlane wezingulube, obambezele umnotho waseMexico ukuthi ume kule nyanga njengoba uhulumeni eqhubekela phambili ukuqukethe leli gciwane. .
Umthetho wokufakazela ubuzwe awuzange usize, kusho u-Antonio Tapia Hernandez, umqondisi weTijuana Chamber of Commerce.
“Kudale ukungaqiniseki,” kusho uTapia. “'Ngiyayidinga noma cha? Ngizovalelwa noma ngizoba nezinkinga lapho ngibuya?' Uma kudingeka imibhalo eminingi, abantu abafuni ukuwela.”
Izikhulu ze-US Customs and Border Protection zathi ngesonto eledlule bebengalindele imigqa emide kunokwejwayelekile eholela eSan Diego County ngoJuni 1.
"Lapho abantu beba nemibhalo ehambisana ne-WHTI, imigqa izohamba ngokushesha," kusho uVince Bond, okhulumela le nhlangano. "Isheshisa yonke inqubo."
UBond uthe abahambi abangenawo ngokushesha amaphepha afanele kodwa abangasolwa ngokukhwabanisa ngeke bajikiswe. Izikhulu zeCustoms bezilokhu futhi zisazoqhubeka nokunikezela ngohlu lwamapheshana ukuthi yimiphi imibhalo eyamukelekayo.
Kulo nyaka, kwafakwa okokusebenza e-San Ysidro Port of Entry ukuze kufundwe ulwazi lomhambi ngama-chips erediyo-frequency ashumekwe emakhadini okudlula, i-SENTRI namanye amaphasi okuvakasha athenjwayo, kanye namalayisense okushayela “athuthukisiwe” akhishwa e-Washington, Michigan, Vermont. kanye neNew York.
