Ukugula Olwandle: Ngabe Ukuhamba Ngesikebhe Kuyibhizinisi Elijabulisayo?

Imboni yezokuvakasha ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19 ikhiqize amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-134 emalini yokuhamba nezokuvakasha okwenza i-Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) ipende ikusasa eliqhakazile. Lokhu kwakungaphambi kwe-COVID-19.

Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, cishe amaposi ayizigidi ezingama-351 anethegi #travel ku-Instagram akhiqizwa abahambahamba abajabulayo. Abagibeli basekele izinhlelo zokuphila kahle kufaka phakathi imigoqo yomoya-mpilo, ukukhetha imenyu okunempilo, namathuba okuqina. Amakilasi okupheka asemabhodini nemisebenzi yokuqwala yamukelwa kahle. Yize imboni yezolwandle yaziwa ngokungcolisa amanzi ahamba kuwo, imboni inqume ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo nemiphakathi yasendaweni kusize ekulondolozeni izindawo ezingamagugu futhi kwehlise nezinyathelo zayo kwezemvelo. Inani elikhulayo labesifazane belihamba kanti nezimpawu zabesifazane zifakiwe ezindleleni zabo zokuhamba. Abahambi bamaSolo nabo bebeyimakethe yokukhula embonini, bekhula ngamandla ukudlula abahambi abaphezulu / abavuthiwe abavamile.

Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19 unyaka nonyaka, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 basebenzisa isikhathi nemali yabo emikhunjini engaphezu kuka-272 yamalungu e-CLIA. Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, imboni yayisekela imisebenzi eyi-1,108,676 emele amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-45 emiholweni nasemaholweni, okwenza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-134 emhlabeni jikelele (2017) kanye ne-CLIA yabikezela ikusasa eliqhakazile lomkhakha othola imithombo yezokuxhumana nokuhamba okubuyisayo kukhula, kuphawula ukuthi eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi eziqinisekiswe yi-CLIA Abasebenzeli bezokuvakasha balindele ukukhula kokuhamba ngesikebhe ngo-2020.

Amakhanda phezulu: Petri Dish

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-COVID-19, ababhali be-blogger, ababhali bamaphephandaba nabomagazini, ama-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha / bezempilo babike, kakhulu nangokucacile, ngamathuba ezimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo nezokwelapha ngenkathi besemkhunjini; kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele inqwaba yabantu ekunikezeni amakhadi abo esikweletu nawasebhange ukuze bagibele.

Ngisho ne-COVID-19 ayizange ibe yisithiyo. Ohulumeni, izikhungo zemfundo, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi, kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha nezempilo babhekana nezingozi zemikhumbi ekhona kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nempilo kubagibeli nabasebenzi; noma ngabe izindaba zinikeza izexwayiso ezifuywayo nezamazwe omhlaba eziningiliziwe futhi eziyinhlekelele kangakanani, abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke balinde ngokulangazelela imigqa yokuhamba ngesikebhe ukungena kabusha emakethe yezokuvakasha.

I-COVID-19 Onboard

Umbiko wakamuva we-COVID-19 ovela kwi-World Health Organisation (WHO) unqume ukuthi izinombolo zamacala omhlaba zibike ukuthi kusukela ngo-Agasti 20, 2020, esewonke amacala angama-22, 728,255 793,810 aseqinisekisiwe emhlabeni jikelele, okuholele ekufeni kwabantu abangu-1. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2020, XNUMX, imikhumbi yokuhamba ngesikebhe ibike amacala angama-22,415 we-COVID-19, ngokufa kwabantu abangu-789.

Ngokusho kweCentre for Disease Control (CDC), indawo yemikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi ilungele ukusabalala kwezifo. Ubufakazi besayensi obukhona manje bukhomba eqinisweni lokuthi imikhumbi ibeka engcupheni enkulu yokudluliswa kwe-COVID-19 kunezinye izindawo ngenxa ye:

1. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu ebhodini (imvamisa inabantu abaningi kakhulu kunamadolobha noma ezinye izimo zokuphila)
2. Izimo zokuhlala nezokusebenza zabasebenzi (indawo yokuhlala eseduze nendawo ebiyelwe lapho ukungahambisani nomphakathi cishe kungenzeki)
3. Abagibeli abangenazimpawu kodwa abanesifo abasabalalisa leli gciwane ezweni lonke ngohambo lokuhamba ngomkhumbi
4. Covert ukusabalala kwegciwane phakathi kwabasebenzi kusuka ohambweni olulodwa kuya kolunye nasemiphakathini yomhlaba
5. Abantu abangama-65 + abasengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi evela ku-COVID-19, imakethe enkulu ebhekiswe kubagibeli bemikhumbi
6. Izinsiza zokwelashwa ezinomkhawulo

Kwenzenjani

Kusukela ngoMashi 2020, ukuqubuka okukhulu kuxhunyaniswe nemikhumbi emithathu yokuhamba ngesikebhe futhi kukhona ukuxhumana nohambo olungeziwe lwase-USA. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kubikwe ngohambo oluningi ukusuka komkhumbi kuya komunye ngabasebenzi, kwaba nomthelela kubasebenzi nakubagibeli.

Yize ukudluliswa kokuqala okukhulu kwe-COVID-19 kukhonjwe yiWuhan, eChina, kungukuphika bese kuphendula kancane kweWorld Health Organisation, uMongameli wamanje wase-United States, uDonald Trump, nokunganakwa kokuqala bese kuba impendulo ebuthaka imboni yezokuhamba ngomkhumbi eyenza igciwane lithole ukubambeka futhi lasakazeka ngokushesha emazweni nasezindaweni ezingaphezu kwe-187.

IDiamond Princess yaqopha iqoqo lokuqala nelikhulu kunawo wonke ngaphandle kwezwekazi iChina (lahlukaniswa ethekwini laseYokohama, eJapan) ngoFebhuwari 3, 2020. NgoMashi 6, kwahlonzwa i-COVID-19 eGrand Princess ngasogwini lwaseCalifornia (umkhumbi ukuvalelwa wedwa). NgoMashi 17, kwaqinisekiswa amacala e-COVID kweminye imikhumbi okungenani engama-25.

Isikhungo Sokulawulwa Kwezifo (CDC) siqale ukukhipha izexwayiso zeNo-Go ngoFebhuwari 21 ziya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngo-Mashi 8, isexwayiso sanwetshwa sabandakanya ukuhlehlisa konke ukuhamba ngesikebhe emhlabeni wonke kubantu abanezimo zezempilo kanye / noma 65+, futhi ekugcineni, ngoMashi 17, i-CDC yancoma ukuthi konke ukuhamba kwezikebhe kumiswe emhlabeni jikelele.

IDayimane Princess neGrand Princess babenamacala angaphezu kuka-800 e-COVID-19; Kufe abantu abayi-10. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 3-Mashi 13 e-US, cishe amacala angama-200 aqinisekiswa phakathi kwabahambi ngemikhumbi abavela emikhunjini eminingi ebalwa ngamaphesenti ayi-17 e-US ephelele ebikiwe ngaleso sikhathi. KwiDiamond Princess bangaphezu kuka-700 abantu abathelelekile; Kushone abantu abangu-14. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi okuningi emazweni aphesheya kuye kwafakwa emibikweni yamacala e-COVID-19, kufaka phakathi okungenani amacala angama-60 e-US asuka kuNile River cruises eGibhithe.

Imizamo yokuqala

Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zikubonile ukugqashuka futhi zaqagela ngamathuba okusuleleka futhi zazama ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kwabagibeli nabasebenzi. Izimpendulo zifaka phakathi: ukuhlanganiswa kwababambiqhaza emikhakheni eminingi kubandakanya neminyango ehlukahlukene kahulumeni wase-US kanye nama-ejensi, ungqongqoshe wezempilo wezangaphandle, amanxusa angaphandle, iminyango yezempilo yezwe neyasekhaya, izibhedlela, amalebhu kanye nezinkampani zemikhumbi.

Izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zilindele ukudluliswa ngesikhathi sehla kanye nokubuyiselwa ekhaya. Imikhawulo ibandakanya ukulinganiselwa ekuhambeni kwabagibeli nabasebenzi, ukuvikelwa nokutheleleka kokutheleleka (kufaka phakathi i-PPE yabasebenzi bezokwelapha nabahlanzayo), ukubulala amagciwane ezindlini ezinezifo ezisolwayo, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kanye nophenyo lokuxhumana phakathi kwabahambi ababuyayo base-US abasolwa ngokuba negciwane noma .

Inkinga Enkulu Kunazo Zonke: Ukwakhiwa Komkhumbi

Esinye sezizathu eziningi zokuthi ukulawula i-COVID-19 nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezisemkhunjini kuyinselele futhi kunzima ukukulawula ukwakhiwa komkhumbi. Izimfanelo ezenza ukuthi kungabi lula ukucwila empeleni zandisa izinga lokudlulisa lokugula okuphefumula phakathi kwabagibeli nabasebenzi.

Ukuvikela umkhumbi ekukhukhulekeni, izikhala zehlukaniswe zaba ngamakamelo amancane amaningi anomoya omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo ezivalekile (okungukuthi, izindlu, amahhovisi, izitolo). Uma umkhumbi uqala ukucwila, izikhala zingavalwa ngokushesha futhi zivalwe ukugcina umkhumbi untanta; kodwa-ke, lapho umkhumbi uhlangabezana nokuqubuka kwesifo esithwalwa ngumoya, ukusondelana kwabantu kulezi zingxenye eziqinile nezingenawo umoya kahle kudala indawo ekahle yokuthi lolu hlobo lwesifo ludlulise ngokushesha phakathi kwabagibeli nabasebenzi.

Yanele noma Cha

Izincomo ze-CDC ziphakamisa ukuthi imboni yokuhamba ngesikebhe ithuthukise, isebenzise futhi isebenzise izinhlelo ezinamandla zokuvikela, ukunciphisa, nokuphendula ekusakazekeni kwe-COVID-19, lapho / uma kuvunyelwe ukuqala kabusha. Izinyathelo zisebenzisa i-gamut eseyaziwa manje kusuka ekuqeqesheni, ekuqapheni, ekuhlolweni, ekuhlukaniseni, ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlukaniseni abantu ukuze kuthuthukiswe abasebenzi bezokwelapha, ukutholakala kwe-PPE, ukuhlolwa kwezilwandle kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela - yonke indlela eya ekwazisweni ngohulumeni wasekhaya, wezwe nowezwe, nomphakathi iziphathimandla zezempilo lapho umgibeli kanye / noma nelungu labasebenzi ligula.

Izinguquko Kungenzeka / Akunakwenzeka

Ukuze kunciphiswe ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19, ilunga ngalinye labasebenzi kufanele libe nezindawo zokuhlala umuntu oyedwa nezindlu zangasese ezizimele. Abasebenzi kufanele bafake izifihla-buso ngaso sonke isikhathi uma bengaphandle kwamakamelo ngamanye. Insizakalo yesidlo kufanele iguqulwe ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kwezenhlalo ngokulungisa kabusha indawo yokuhlala yokudlela, izikhathi ezimangazayo zokudla, nokukhuthaza indawo yokudlela yasendlini. Izinketho zokudla okuzenzela kufanele zisuswe.

Ngenkathi ukuvakasha osebeni kungumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo, kuveza amathuba okuba abasebenzi kanye nabagibeli bathole futhi / noma basabalalise izifo, ngakho-ke la mathuba kufanele ancishiswe. Imikhuba yezenhlalo, njengokuxhawulana nokugonana kufanele kukhuthazwe ngenkathi kukhuthazwa inhlanzeko nezindlela zokukhwehlela. Kokubili abagibeli nabasebenzi, izindawo zokugeza izandla kufanele zigcwale kahle ngensipho elungele isikhumba, amathawula wephepha kanye nezitsha zokungcola.

Ngisho nangaphambi kohambo, abagibeli nabasebenzi kufanele bakhuthazwe ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kogwayi, i-e-cigarettes, amapayipi, nogwayi ongenantuthu njengoba kungaholela ekwandeni kokuxhumana phakathi kwezandla nomlomo okungenzeka kungcolisiwe; ukugwema le mikhiqizo kunganciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Umbhidlango

Uma ugula, abasebenza ngemikhumbi banesibopho sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwabantu abangenwe yibhodi, kubandakanya nalabo abadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ngokuthola usizo oluphuthumayo olungatholakali ebhodini kubaqhubi bemikhumbi abaxhumana nendawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngasogwini, abaphethe itheku, unogada wase-US Coast nomnyango wezempilo wombuso / wendawo, njengoba kudingeka.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Abagibeli. Ongakulindela

1. Ukuthuthwa kwezokwelapha esikhungweni sezokwelapha esisogwini kuhlelwe kusengaphambili nokuxhumana nendawo yokuthola. - Abantu abagulayo kufanele bagqoke izifihla-buso zobuso ngenkathi behla naphakathi nakho konke ukuthutha
2. Bonke abasebenzi abaphelezelayo kufanele bafake i-PPE
3. IGangway isuse bonke abanye abasebenzi kuze kwehle abantu abagulayo
4. Indlela yokwehla, noma iziphi izindawo ezingase zingcoliswe (okungukuthi, izinsimbi zokubamba ngesandla) nayo indlela nanoma iyiphi impahla esetshenzisiwe (okungukuthi, izihlalo ezinamasondo) kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ibulawe amagciwane ngokushesha ngemuva kokwehla

Ogula Olwandle. Akukho Okumangazayo

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-COVID-19, abantu bagule kanti abanye bafele olwandle. Ngokusho kwehhovisi leBroward County Medical Examiner, lapho kubulawa khona noma yimiphi imikhumbi ehamba eFort Lauderdale ePort Everglades, cishe bangu-91 abantu abashonile emikhunjini efika eFort Lauderdale phakathi kuka-2014 no-2017. Imithombo engaziwa ibika ukuthi kuze kube abantu abathathu bafa ngesonto ohambweni lomhlaba emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emigqeni enabagibeli asebekhulile futhi iningi labashonile livela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Izibonelo ezimbalwa

isithombe ngezilokotho ze barfblog.com

NgoJanuwari 2019, i-CNN ibike ukuthi emikhunjini yemikhumbi emine yeCarnival (efundwa isikhathi seminyaka emi-2), ukuhlangana kwezinto ezikalwa ngokuthi "bekufaniswa nokulinganiswa okulinganiswa emadolobheni angcolile, kufaka phakathi iBeijing neSantiago" (Ryan Kennedy, Umsizi uProfesa, iJohns Hopkins University, iBloomberg School of Health Public). Ukuthunyelwa komkhumbi kuqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezibandakanya izinsimbi kanye ne-polycyclic hydrocarbon enamakha, amaningi awo anezinto ezinobuthi, ezingaba nomdlavuza.

Esinye isigameko esenzeka ngoJanuwari 2019, i-The Insignia (Oceania) ehlulekile ukuhlola indle senza abahloli bezempilo bomphakathi base-US ngoDisemba 17, 2018. Umbiko wathola ukuthi izindawo eziningi zokuxhumana nokudla ezikulo mkhumbi zazingcoliswe kakhulu, zinothuli futhi zingcolile; amayunithi esiqandisini awakhelwe emazingeni empahla yokudla futhi bekukhona izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane ezitholakala ezindaweni zokudla. Izinto zokudla ezingaba yingozi zagcinwa futhi zalungiswa emazingeni okushisa angafanele. Ukubhakwa kwamanzi okuphuza bekungeyona impahla ehlolwe i-pH noma i-halogen futhi imishini yokuhlola ibingasebenzi.

NgoFebhuwari 14, 2019, ukaputeni weMSC Divina wabika izehlakalo eziphezulu zezinkinga zamathumbu ebhodini. NgoFebhuwari 15, 2019 i-CDC yabika ukuthi iViking Star yayinabagibeli abangama-36 (babagibeli abangama-904) kwathi oyedwa (wabasebenzi abangu-1) babegula kwathi ngoFebhuwari 461, 21, iCDC yabika ukuthi abagibeli abangama-2019 (kwabangu-83) kanye nabangu-2193 (kwabangu-8 abasebenzi) kubikwe ukuthi bayagula.

NgoMashi 2019, egibele iSilja Galaxy, indoda eneminyaka engu-50 yaboshwa ngezinsolo zokudlwengula esikebheni esiphakathi kweStockholm neFinland. I-PR Newswire ibike ukuthi owesilisa osebenza eqenjini wadakwa, washaywa, washaywa, waklinywa futhi wadlwengulwa ngesikhathi esebenza eNorway Cruise Lines the M / V Norwegian Pearl. Umhlaseli uboshwe ngamaphoyisa walivuma icala.

I-NCL inikezwe icala elibanga ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi eyandulele ukudlwengulwa, ziningi izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nebhethri lezocansi, kubandakanya ukudlwengulwa kwamalungu abasebenzi kanye nabagibeli emikhunjini yemikhumbi ye-NCL. Leli cala lithi i-NCL ibazi ukuthi izidakamizwa zokudlwengulwa ezinsukwini zakudala bezibandakanyekile ekudlwengulweni kwamalungu abasebenzi besifazane nabagibeli.

I-CDC iphenye ukuqubuka okungu-13 kwezimbungulu zesisu njengo-E Coli kanye nemikhumbi ye-norovirus onboard cruise ngenkathi ukuqubuka komkhuhlane kanye nenkukhu kuvamile. NgoMeyi 2019, isimungumungwane kwaphawulwa ngaso eScientology cruise. Ngawo lowo nyaka, iCarnival Cruises yahluleka ukuhlolwa kwezindlu zangasese ngamacala afaka phakathi amanzi "ansundu" avela emashaweni asesikhungweni sezokwelapha kanye nezitsha zesevisi yokudla engahlanzekile.

Uma uvaleleke

Enye yezinkinga eziningi ezibhekene nabagibeli abagulayo nabasebenza emkhunjini ohamba ngesikebhe ukuthi kuncane usizo; ngokomfanekiso uyisiboshwa emkhunjini futhi uncike kodokotela benkontileka abakhokhisa imali ephezulu okungenzeka ukuthi iningi lezinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo azikwazi ukuyikhokha.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi odokotela bemikhumbi evamile abavamile ukuba ngochwepheshe; ithimba lezokwelapha liqashiwe ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana ne-norovirus futhi mancane amathuba okuba likamelo eliphuthumayo lifaneleke. Amahora wasemtholampilo anqunyelwe (isb., 9 AM-Noon; 3-6 PM) futhi ngezinsuku zembobo amahora angahle avinjelwe. Odokotela kungenzeka bangasazi kahle isiNgisi futhi lokhu kungaphazamisa usizo ezimweni ezibucayi.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukubhuka nokuzivalela ekubhukeni kwemikhumbi, hlola umshwalense wakho wezempilo ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe ukumbozwa kufaka phakathi izindaba zezokwelapha zasolwandle; buza umbuzo, “Uma ngigula / ngilimala, ngimbozwa kanjani?”

Abagibeli abaningi abayithengi imishwalense yokuhamba, uma bengayithenga, bebezokonga izinkulungwane zamaRandi. Inothi eliyisixwayiso: Kungcono ukuthi ubuyekeze izinketho nabahlinzeki abazimele kunokuba uzenzele umshwalense wokuhamba ovela enkampanini yemikhumbi noma kumenzeli wezokuvakasha.

Kumele ngenzeni?

Ube nengozi? Abagibeli kufanele babe ngabaphenyi babo futhi babhale lesi sigameko ngezithombe (amavidiyo) lapho kwenzeka khona ukuwa nobufakazi bokuzibonela. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphakathi kufanele kubhalwe ngamakhophi athunyelwe nge-imeyili kubameli bomuntu siqu. Uma umzila wokuhamba ngesikebhe unefomu lokulimala kwabagibeli ebuza ngqo ukuthi umgibeli ubengenzenjani ukuvikela ingozi, abameli batusa ukuthi lesi sikhala sishiywe singenalutho njengoba kuyindlela yomzila wokuhamba ngomkhumbi ukuzama ukusola icala ngengozi noma ukulimala.

Abagibeli bangakhishwa emikhunjini bayothola usizo lwezempilo futhi kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungenzeka kungabi yindlela enhle. Abagibeli abanezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo bazoshiywa echwebeni elilandelayo ukuze bathole usizo. Uma isitobhi kuseNew Jersey - lokhu kungahle kungabi yinkinga; kodwa-ke, uma kuyitheku langaphandle, mhlawumbe cha. Abagibeli bangenqaba ukwehla emkhunjini uma bengaqiniseki ngezinga lezokwelapha elikhona ethekwini. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo, umzila wokuhamba ngesikebhe uzokwenza okufanele ukuzivikela; abagibeli kumele benze okufanayo.

Ingabe Kufanele Uhlale Noma Kufanele Uhambe?

Abahambi abacabanga ukugibela umkhumbi ngo-2021 kufanele balinganise izingozi nemivuzo. Kunezinyathelo ongazithatha umzila wokuhamba ngesikebhe, kufaka phakathi ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lwe-HVAC, ukusebenzisa imishini elwa namagciwane nezindwangu (kusuka kosofa nezitulo kuya kuyunifomu yabasebenzi), ukunika amandla izifihla-buso zobuso nokuqhela komphakathi; kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka kakhulu (okungenani okwesikhashana), ukuthi ukwakhiwa komkhumbi kuzoshintsha. Amakamelo amancane angenawo amawindi nomoya ojikeleziswayo angaba yindawo ekahle yokwanda kwezifo. I-COVID-19 akuyona into emnandi futhi ingaletha nakho - ukugula okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Kunezinye izindlela zokuthatha iholide, kusukela ekuqashisweni kwe-RV nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka ezibandakanya konke kuya kuma-Airbnbs nasenkambini engaphandle. Okwamanje emlandweni, imboni yezokuvakasha ayikwazi ukunikeza iziqinisekiso zokuthi imvelo esemkhunjini iphephe ngokuphelele. Kukumuntu ngamunye ukuthi uzithathela esakhe isinqumo. Kucatshangelwa futhi ukuthi izimpendulo eziyinhlekelele zezinkampani zemikhumbi ziye zaba nomthelela ezinkingeni zezomnotho emhlabeni wonke. Ikusasa lomkhakha we-cruise line alichazwa. Abagibeli nabaphathi bezinkampani bonke bayazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo.

Nquma ukwenza ukubhukha ngomkhumbi? Qiniseka ukuthi unomshuwalense wokuhamba owenele ozobhekana nawo wonke amathuba okugula nezingozi zakho nawo wonke umndeni wakho; I-COVID-19 ayikhethi.

Ukuhamba ngesikebhe kuhlala kungavumelekile e-United States ngalesi sikhathi.

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