Kulesi sihloko seviki, sihlola icala lika-Ceithami v. Celebrity Cruises, Inc., 2016 US Dist. I-LEXIS 126431 (SD Fla. 2016) lapho u-Ceithami ayengumgibeli ohamba ngomkhumbi egibela iNgqungquthela Yosaziwayo ngomhla ka-9 Disemba 2014 ngesikhathi ethenga KoSaziwayo 'i-zip-line excursion ride' e-Dominica eqhutshwa yi-Wacky Rollers Adventure Vacations and Expeditions, Ltd. ('QAPHELA'). Wagibela uziphu we-WRAVE ngalolo suku futhi waphuka iqakala lakhe kwesokunxele lapho edlula endaweni yokugibela futhi washayisa isihlahla...Efuna ukulungiswa ngokulimala kwakhe, u-Ceithami wafaka leli cala… Usaziwayo: (1) ubudedengu obuqondile ekukhetheni nasekuqapheni i-WRAVE; (2) ukuhlanekezela amaqiniso ngokunganaki ezincwadini zayo, emithonjeni yezindaba, nakuwebhusayithi yayo mayelana nokuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yohambo lwe-ZIp-WRAVE; (3) isibopho sezomthetho esibangelwa ubudedengu bozakwethu webhizinisi elihlanganyelwe i-WRAVE; (4) isibopho sezomthetho esiwumphumela wokunganaki kwe-ejenti esobala ESINGA; kanye (5) nesibopho sezomthetho esibangelwa ubudedengu bomenzeli wayo wangempela WRAVE...Osaziwayo bashukumiseleke ukuba bachithe wonke amacala ngokwehluleka ukusho isimangalo (esinikezwe iNkantolo). Ukuze uthole ingxoxo ngesikweletu semizila yemikhumbi yezingozi zohambo ogwini bheka i-Dickerson, Travel Law, Law Journal Press (2017) kokuthi 3.02[3][c]. Bheka futhi: U-Dickerson, Amalungelo Nezixazululo Zabagibeli Be-Cruise 2016, 41 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 141 (Winter 2016).
Ukuvuselelwa Kokuqondiwe Kobuphekula
“Udlame Oludlulele” EMyanmar
Ku-UN ivuma 'ukuhlanzwa kohlanga' okwenzeka eMyanmar, i-travewirenews (9/14/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “IZizwe Ezihlangene zigcine zivumile ukuthi kuhlanjululwa amaSulumane eMyanmar. Isikhulu se-UN u-Antonio Guterres ngoLwesithathu ucele ukuthi kuphele ngokushesha udlame esifundazweni saseRakhine. Futhi, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN esitatimendeni sawo sokuqala mayelana neMyanmar eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye edlule ukugxekile lokho ekuchaze 'njengodlame oludlulele' olubhekiswe kumaMuslim esifundazweni saseRakhine ezweni”.
London, England
E-Chan, Kingsley & Yeginsu, London Underground Is Struck by Crude Bomb at Persons Green, nyti.ms/2y2BAeQ (9/15/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “iBrithani ihlaselwe ukuhlasela kwamaphekula ngoLwesihlanu ekuseni, ngesikhathi ithuluzi elingahluziwe. kuqhume esitimeleni esigcwele abantu baseLondon Underground, kwalimala abagibeli, kwahlwanyela ukwethuka, kwaphazamisa inkonzo futhi kwathola impendulo enzima emaphoyiseni abehlomile nabasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo. Idivayisi iqhume ngo-8:20 am esitimeleni esibheke empumalanga ye-District Line sisuka esiteshini i-Parsons Green eSouthwest London”.
E-Yeginsu naseFarrell, Amaphoyisa AseBrithani enza 'Ukuboshwa Okubalulekile' Ekuqhunyisweni Kwamabhomu E-Subway, nytimes (9/16/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi "Amaphoyisa aseBrithani athi ngoMgqibelo abophe indoda eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala mayelana necala lokubulala. Ukuqhuma kwamaphekula esiteshini esingaphansi komhlaba eLondon kwalimala abantu abangu-30 kwaphinde kwabangela novalo kubagibeli abebebaleka…I-Islamic State ithi yiyona eyenze ukuqhuma kwalesi sigameko ngoLwesihlanu esitatimendeni esithe, 'ithimba' lamasosha alo lihlasele. IBrithani inyuse izinga layo lokusabisa kwabashokobezi laba 'elibucayi', izinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ngemuva kokuqhuma, okusho ukuthi okunye ukuhlasela 'bekulindelwe ngaso leso sikhathi'”.
Uber Out eLondon
E-Rao, i-Uber Ilahlekelwa Ilayisensi Yayo Yokusebenza eLondon, izikhathi eziningi (9/22/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “i-ejensi yezokuthutha yaseLondon ibhekane nenkinga enkulu ku-Uber ngoLwesihlanu, yenqaba ukuvuselela ilayisense lensizakalo yokugibela ukuze isebenze endaweni yayo. Imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yaseYurophu, Isinqumo siwukubuyisela emuva emuva kwenkampani emise ezokuthutha zomphakathi emhlabeni wonke...Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Uber ibhekane nohide lwezingxabano: izinsolo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi, ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusebenzisa kwayo isoftware ukuze ibalekele. ukubheka kweziphathimandla, kanye nedumela elinobulungiswa noma cha-ukuthi ayidlali ngemithetho…I-ejensi yathatha umgomo oqondile esikweni lenkampani yakwa-Uber, yamemezela ukuthi indlela yenkampani nokuziphatha kwayo kubonisa ukuntula umthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani maqondana inani lezinkinga ezingase zibe nomthelela wokuphepha nokuphepha komphakathi…inkampani inikezwe izinsuku ezingama-21 ukuthi idlulise icala—yagomela ngokushesha ukuthi izokwenza lokho—futhi izovunyelwa ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza edolobheni ngesikhathi sokudlulisa icala. inqubo”.
E-Picchi, i-Reeling ekulahlekelweni kwelayisensi yase-London, amakhasimende e-Uber enza imibuthano, iMoneywatch, cbs (9/22/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “I-Uber ayikuthathi ukuhoxiswa kwelayisensi yayo yase-London ihlezi phansi. Isevisi ye-ride-hailing, okungenzeka ukuthi izolahlekelwa amashumi ezigidi zemali ngenxa yokuvinjelwa, ivuselela isisekelo samakhasimende ayo ukuze icindezele iziphathimandla zaseLondon ukuba zibuyekeze lesi sinqumo. Ukuhlanganisa izigidi zamakhasimende ayo ukufaka ingcindezi kubalawuli kuyindlela ehlotshiswe kahle kwa-Uber, eyasebenzisa isisekelo samakhasimende ayo eNew York eminyakeni embalwa edlule ukuze ibhikishele ukunqanyulwa kwesevisi yayo”.
Ubhukhe ngokweqile? Ngicela, Yisho Inani Lakho
E-Zhang, i-United Airlines izokuvumela maduze ukuthi usho intengo yakho ngokudela isihlalo sakho endizeni ebhukwe ngokweqile, msn (9/23/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Phakathi kwalezo zinguquko kunesithembiso senkampani yezindiza sokudala isistimu ezenzakalelayo lapho abagibeli bezindiza ezidayise ngokweqile abazimisele ukushintsha izinhlelo zabo zokuhamba abangakhonjwa futhi banxeshezelwe. NgoLwesihlanu, i-United ikuqinisekisile ukuthi lolu hlelo oluzenzakalelayo luzosebenzisa ifomethi esekwe endalini ezovumela abagibeli ukuthi bafake amabhidi emali eningi ezodingeka ukuze bashiye izihlalo zabo endizeni edayiswa kakhulu”.
U-St. Martin Uzama Ukusinda
E-Ahmed, Ngaphezulu Kwesonto Ngemva kwe-Irma, u-St. Martin Usazama Ukusinda, nyti.ms/2y2HpZo (9/15/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Indlela enzima yokukhipha isiqhingi sakhe esiphukile sase isicishe senziwe-nge- izinxushunxushu zechweba eligcwele izikebhe ezikehliwe, ukuminyaniswa kwezimoto ezigcwele izakhiwo nezindlu eziklebhukile ezisekelweni zazo, kanye nokuphelelwa ithemba koquqaba esikhumulweni sezindiza, benethemba lokubalekela inhlekelele njengoba amasosha ahlomile egcina ukuhleleka...Impilo, okwamanje, kuyinto entekenteke e-St. Martin, esinye seziqhingi zase-Caribbean esihlaselwe kakhulu iSiphepho i-Irma…Kodwa cishe awukho uphethiloli noma ugesi, futhi ukulethwa kokudla, okwamanje, kusaguquguquka. Ukuvalwa okuphelele kwezokuxhumana kucindezela isiqhingi. Cishe zonke izikole zicekeleke phansi futhi zizovalwa izinyanga, okungcono kakhulu”.
I-Orlando Attractions Ivulwa Kabusha
E-Vora, Ngemva kwe-Irma, Iningi Lezindawo Ezikhangayo zase-Orlando Sezivulwe Kabusha, nytim.ms/2y1C9Wb (9/14/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Ngemuva kweSiphepho u-Irma, izindawo eziheha izivakashi namahhotela e-Orlando nase-Savannah seziphinde zavulelwa ibhizinisi nokwamukela izivakashi. -ngokwengxenye enkulu, okungenani. Izifunda zezokuvakasha zase-Orlando zibhekane nomonakalo omncane ngenxa yesiphepho…Amapaki ayisithupha e-Walt Disney World avalwe ngeSonto nangoMsombuluko, kodwa amapaki amane aphinde avulwa ngamahora okusebenza avamile ngoLwesibili...Amapaki amathathu etimu e-Universal Orlando Resort-Universal Studios Florida, Universal's Island of Adventure kanye I-Volcano Bay yase-Universal-zonke zivuliwe kanjalo ne-SeaWorld Orlando kanye nepaki layo lamanzi, i-Aquatica”.
Umlilo EMalaysia
E-Goldman, Fire at Malaysian Boarding School Kills 24, Mostly Students, nytimes (9/14/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Kushone abantu abangamashumi amabili nane, iningi labo okuyizingane, ngesikhathi kuqubuka umlilo ngoLwesine esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso ama-Islamic. IKuala Lumpur, inhloko-dolobha yaseMalaysia, ngesikhathi bevaleleke umnyango okhiyiwe namafasitela anemigoqo, izikhulu zathi…'Ngokusekelwe ophenyweni lwethu lokuqala, indawo yabashonile iveze ukuthi bebezama ukweqa ngamafasitela kodwa bamiswa ngenxa yokucijwa. ama-grill emafasiteleni, uDatuk Soiman Jahid, isekela lomqondisi jikelele ophikweni lwezicishamlilo, etshela abezindaba”.
I-San Diego Hepatitis Ukuqubuka
Kwabangu-15 abashonile ngenxa yokuqubuka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo njengoba iSan Diego iqala ukugeza imigwaqo, travelwirenews (9/12/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Ukugezwa kwemigwaqo okuhlanzekile kuzoqala eSan Diego lapho 'indawo engcoliswe indle' iholele ekuqubukeni kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A. esibulale abantu abangu-15 kwalalisa abanye abangu-300 ezibhedlela, iningi labo labantu abangenamakhaya edolobheni”.
I-Jellyfish Nge-pasta Yakho, Noma ubani?
E-Horowitz, i-Jellyfish Funa Izilwandle Ezifudumele zase-Italy. Awukwazi Ukushaya 'Em? Yidla 'Em. nytimes (9/17/2017) kwaphawulwa “Ngenkathi izivakashi kulo lonke elaseYurophu zifuna i-Apulia, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Italy, amadolobha ayo acakwe mhlophe e-Baroque nolwandle olucwebezelayo, uswebezane lwe-jellyfish nalo luyaphithizela emanzini ayo… I-Jellyfish isaphathwa, ngokwezwi nezwi, njengodoti…Ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokudoba ngokweqile kuzophoqa amaNtaliyane ukuthi azivumelanise nezimo, njengoba ake enza kwabanye abahlaseli bangaphandle, njengotamatisi, (igatsha le-European Commission locwaningo nokusungula) sethule iphrojekthi ye-Go Jelly, ecishe ibe, uma ungakwazi ukuzinqoba, zidle”.
Isikrini Selanga Nezixhobo Zamakhorali
In Ingabe isikrini sakho selanga sicekela phansi izixhobo zamakhorali?, travelwirenews (9/3/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “[R] ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-compound evamile, i-oxybenzone etholakala ku-sunscreen ibangela ukucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezixhobo zamakhorali. Ikhemikhali emunca i-UV ikhonjiswe ukuthi inoshevu wamakhorali ngezindlela eziningi. Ocwaningweni lwamuva nje, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zabonisa ukuthi le nhlanganisela iphazamisa ukuzala nokukhula, ishiya amakhorali amancane ekhubazekile ngendlela ebulalayo. Ngisho nangemithamo emincane, abacwaningi bathola, i-oxybenzone yenza amakhorali abe mhlophe ngokushesha futhi ibambezela ukukhula okusha…Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani angu-14,000 okugcoba okuvikela ilanga agcina ezixhobo zamakhorali unyaka ngamunye”.
Izinsolo zokudlwengula eFlorence
E-Horowitz, Izinsolo Zokudlwengula Ezibhekiswe Kwamaphoyisa ase-Italy Dismay Florence, nytimes (9/16/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Amaphoyisa amisiwe; bavuma kubashushisi ukuthi balala nezintombi, ezineminyaka engu-21 no-19, ngemva kokuhlangana nabo besemsebenzini futhi begqoke umfaniswano endaweni yokuzijabulisa edumile futhi bazigibelisa ekhaya ngemoto yabo. Abafundi…batshele abashushisi ukuthi babedakiwe futhi badlwengulwa. Kodwa amaphoyisa athi abesifazane babengadakiwe, futhi ucansi lwaluvumelene. Lesi siqephu sithinte kakhulu izinzwa edolobheni lapho abafundi baseMelika benza ingxenye yeshumi yabafundi futhi basize ukuqinisa umnotho kodwa futhi kungabonakala, futhi kuzwakale, ukuphuza emigwaqweni…Lapha eFlorence izinsolo… izindaba kanye nezingxoxo ngabafundi baseMelika abaziphatha kabi”.
Ukuthola kabusha i-Amsterdam
E-Boffey, e-Amsterdam ukunyusa intela yezivakashi ukuze kubuyiselwe idolobha kubahlali, The Guardian, msn (9/17/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “i-Amsterdam ihlela ukunyusa intela kubavakashi ngama-euro ayi-10 ngobusuku, njengeziphathimandla. zama ukukhawulela izimpelaviki zenyamazane kanye nezivakashi ezivakashela isifunda esikhanyayo futhi ubuyisele idolobha kubahlali. Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-17 bavakashele idolobha elinezakhamuzi eziyizi-850,000 ngo-2016, kusukela ezigidini eziyi-12 eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, futhi umkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi usheshe. Izivakashi ezingaphezu kwekota zihlale emahhotela anesabelomali, kusho umkhandlu wendawo, ziletha imali encane esikhwameni sikamasipala”.
Izikebhe zaseNingizimu Afrika
ENingizimu Afrika: 'Inkinga Yezobuchwepheshe' Okungenzeka Kube Necala NgeRobben Island Ferry Sinking-Museum, travelwirenews (9/16/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Abagibeli abangu-64 kanye nabasebenzi abane ababegibele isikebhe, uThandi, kudingeke ukuthi bakhishwe ngesikhathi. ikhala lesikebhe laqala ukucwila olwandle olugubhayo, 3km ukusuka ogwini lwaseKapa”.
I-Travel Agent Fraud
E-Las Vegas umenzeli wezokuvakasha ubhekene necala lokukhwabanisa nge-imeyili eNew York, i-travewirenews (9/16/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “I-ejenti yezokuvakasha yase-Las Vegas esolwa ngokweba imali engaphezu kuka-$200,000 emasontweni amaKhatholika ibhekene namacala okukhwabanisa ngeposi eNew York” .
Isaziso Sokukhokhela Isenzo Sekilasi le-TCPA
Ku-Charvat v. Resort Marketing Group, Inc., et al., Inombolo Yecala: 1:12-ev-05747 (ND Ill.)(Judge Wood) Isaziso Se-Class Action Settlement Notice (rmgtcpasettlementit saphawulwa ukuthi “Isixazululo sekufinyelelwe kuso icala lesenzo sekilasi elithi inkampani yezokuvakasha ebizwa nge-Resort Marketing Group, Inc., (RMG) yenza izingcingo ezizenzakalelayo kubathengi ukuze banikeze uhambo lwamahhala nge-Carnival Corporation & PKC (Carnival), Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. (Royal Caribbean) kanye ne-NCL (Bahamas), Ltd. (Norwegian)(sezizonke Cruise Defendants)(the Settlement). Icala lithi i-RMG yephule uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwabathengi Ngocingo (TCPA) nokuthi Abavikeli Be-Cruise kufanele bathweswe icala ngendlela ye-RMG. futhi Abamangalelwa Nge-Cruise Defences baziphika izimangalo futhi bayaphika ukuthi bephule i-TCPA Inkantolo ayenze isinqumo sokuthi ubani olungile, kunalokho, abathintekayo baxazulule ingxabano ngokuxazulula... Thumela Ifomu Lokufuna Isimangalo...Le ukuphela kwendlela ongathola ngayo inkokhelo evela eSivumelwaneni”. Bheka I-RMGTCPASettlement
Ama-Buffets Ehhotela Ancishisiwe
E-Himelstein, i-Hotel Buffets, iCulprit of Food Waste, et Downsized, nytimes (9/8/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Lawrence Eells, umpheki omkhulu e-Hyatt Regency Orlando, eFlorida, angathanda ikhishi lakhe, noma okungenani imisebenzi yayo, izoncika njengenyama yakhe yenkomo eyosiwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-April, wamukela ithimba labacwaningi elibheka izindlela zokunciphisa ukuchithwa kokudla, ikakhulukazi ezizungeze ama-buffet amaningi ongawadla. Ochwepheshe abavela ku-Idea (bathole) ukuthi izivakashi zidle ngaphezudlwana nje kwesigamu sokudla okukhishiwe. Mhlawumbe okwakuphawuleka nakakhulu ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 kuphela emali esele azonikelwa noma aphinde asetshenziswe ngenxa yemithetho yokuphepha kokudla, kuyilapho enye iphelela kudoti. Udoti omkhulu okhiqizwa ibhokisi, amajusi nolunye uketshezi okwengezwe kule nkinga...I-United States ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-63 emfucumfucu yokudla minyaka yonke, ngenani elilinganiselwe lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-218. nomthelela ekumoshweni kokudla sekukonke, ukucabanga ukuthi ihhotela liyindawo ekahle yokuqwashisa abantu kanye nokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha ezindabeni zokusimama”.
Ukuthinta Kokuphepha
E-Martin, Ukudlula Ezokuphepha Ezikhumulweni Sezindiza Ngokuthinta Umunwe, nyti.ms/2gQzR8R *9/8/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Amatheminali asesikhumulweni sezindiza ngokuvamile awuchungechunge lwemigqa…Ukuthola izixazululo zokuqeda ukukhathala sekuyinto ehamba phambili i (TSA)-kanye nethuba lebhizinisi labanye. Inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi Sula isebenzisa izigxivizo zeminwe nezikena ze-iris ukuze isindise abagibeli abathile esigabeni sokuqala senqubo ye-TSA's airport's security airport process-indawo yokuhlola ukuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti kanye nolayini wayo. I-Clear ithi ingakwazi ukundiza ngesivinini ezindaweni zokuhlola kuyilapho ivikele ezokuphepha eziqinile. Kodwa inqubo yokukhishwa ibihamba kancane-Icacile itholakala kuphela kwezinye izindawo ezikhumulweni zezindiza zasekhaya ezingama-24”.
I-Swedish Travel Microchips
Kubagibeli baseSweden abangu-3,000 abasebenzisa ama-microchips njengamakhadi okuhamba, i-travelwirenews (9/12/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Uma ujahile, kungaba lula ukukhohlwa ikhadi lakho lokuhamba lapho uphuma endlini. Kepha kubagibeli ababalelwa ku-3,000 eSweden, lena akuyona into ongazikhathaza ngayo. Abagibeli abanesibindi banokufakwa kwe-microchip yesikhathi esizayo okugxilwe ezandleni zabo ukuze bakhokhele uhambo lwabo…Izigxivizo ezincane zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Near Field Communication (NFC), obufanayo nobokumakhadi esikweletu angaxhunywanga noma izinkokhelo zeselula”.
Amawebhusayithi Okuthengisa “Ayizindawo Zokuhlala Zomphakathi”
Esinqumweni somthetho sakamuva ku-Andrews v. Blick Art Materials, 17-cv-767 (EDNY (8/1/2017) bekubanjwe ukuthi umthetho we-Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) usebenza kumawebhusayithi okudayisa. E-Denney, Amawebhusayithi Okuthengisa Akhona “Izindawo Zokuhlaliswa Zomphakathi’ Ngokusekelwe ku-ADA, Imithetho Yejaji, i-newyorklawjournal (9/5/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Njengoba izinkantolo zisahlukene phakathi mayelana nokuthi amawebhusayithi kufanele abanjwe ngezinga elifanayo yini ngaphansi koMthetho WaseMelika Abakhubazekile njengesitini-futhi -ezindaweni ezinodaka, izinkampani ezweni lonke zisaqhubeka nokuthinteka ezinkantolo zokuntuleka kwezindawo zokuhlala ze-inthanethi zabakhubazekile.Esinqumweni sakamuva, iJaji lesiFunda sase-US uJack Weinstein wase-Eastern District of New York uthole ukuthi iwebhusayithi i-Blick Art Materials, lapho amakhasimende ingathenga imikhiqizo, iyindawo yokuhlala yomphakathi futhi ngenxa yalokho ingaphansi kwe-ADA. U-Weinstein uthe esinqumweni sakhe sika-Agasti 1 kuzoba 'indida enonya' ukwamukela impikiswano ka-Blick yokuthi iwebhusayithi ayiyona 'indawo' njengoba kuchazwe I-ADA nokuthi ukwenza kanjalo 'kuzonikezaumthetho okuhloswe ngawo ukukhulula abakhubazekile ezibophweni zokuzihlukanisa nokuhlukaniswa ezingasasebenzi lapho inhloso yawo ifinyeleleka ngokwandayo”.
I-Voucher Gotchas
E-Perkins, Qaphela: I-Voucher Gotchas, i-sun-sentinel (9/5/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuthi “Ngaphandle kwalapho ungavamile ngempela, ngezikhathi ezithile uzobhekana nesimo lapho ulayini wokuhamba ngomkhumbi, inkampani yezindiza noma ihhotela likukweleta okuthile indlela yokubuyisela imali noma isinxephezelo. Kulolo hlobo lwesimo, umphakeli cishe uhlale ezama ukukhokha lokho okukweletayo ngevawusha noma isaphulelo ekuhambeni kwesikhathi esizayo kunokuba akusikele isheke. Uma isivumelwano sevawusha sibukeka sisihle ngempela, yamukele. Kodwa izinkampani zezindiza, imigqa yokuvakasha kanye nabanye abahlinzeki ngokuvamile bahlanganisa ama-gotchas kumavawusha abo awenza abebiza kancane kunevelu yobuso-noma inani lanoma iyiphi imali ongase ube nayo ngenye indlela. Ama-gotchas amahlanu ahamba phambili (futhi ahlanganisa) (1) Akukho Ukudluliselwa... (2) Ukufaneleka Okunomkhawulo...(3) I-One Bite…(4) Intengo Enomkhawulo... (5) Imikhawulo Yomkhiqizo”.
I-Grubhub Lawsuit
Ezimangalweni ze-Grubhub akuyona inkampani eletha ukudla ukuze igweme ukukhokhela abashayeli okwengeziwe, i-travelwirenews (9/8/2017) kuphawulwe ukuthi “Naphezu komsebenzi wayo omkhulu wokulethwa kokudla, i-Grubhub ithi akuyona inkampani eletha ukudla. I-Grubhub, ezichaza ekugcwaliseni okulawulwayo kanye nekhophi yokumaketha njengenkundla ehamba phambili yokulandwa kwezindawo zokudlela kanye nama-oda okulethwa, izama konke okusemandleni ayo ukukholisa inkantolo ukuthi akuyona into eyikho. Ebhekene necala eliqinile elivela kubashayeli ababili ababekade bediliva, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Grubhub uStan Chia sithathe isinqumo ngoLwesihlanu sathi empeleni i-Grubhub akuyona inkampani eletha ukudla; 'indawo yemakethe yokuqala ehlanganisa izidlo nezindawo zokudlela'…Indaba ovivinyweni ukuthi ingabe abashayeli ababili kufanele babhekwe njengabasebenzi abavikeleke kakhulu be-W-2 noma osonkontileka abazimele”. I-Uber Technologies, Inc. nayo ibilwa nalolu daba. Bheka i-Dickerson, i-Uber: Ukuphenduka Kwesikhathi. umthetho360 (4/24/2017); I-neworklawjournalnewyorklawjournalnewyorklawjournallaw360Dickerson, Uber On The Brink, umthetho360 (5/8/2017); U-Dickerson, u-Uber Kungenzeka Bahlangane ne-Waterloo Yayo EYurophu, umthetho360 (5/18/2017).
Icala Lomthetho Wezokuvakasha Weviki
Ecaleni likaCeithami, iNkantolo yaphawula ukuthi uCeithami uthi ngesikhathi ethenga [WRAVE-lining] yokugibela, wayethembele ezithulweni zikaSaziwayo ukuthi ukugibela kwakuphephile. Lezi izethulo zihlanganisa isitatimende Sosaziwayo esikuwebhusayithi yabo kanye nesabasebenzi 'edeskini lohambo' leNgqungquthela, sokuthi zonke izinkambo zosaziwayo 'zihlelwa ozakwethu abanomshwalense abanamathela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziphezulu kakhulu embonini.'”
Ukuqinisekisa Okungacacile Kokuphepha
“UCeithami usola ukuthi Usaziwayo ubuye aqinisekise ukuphepha kohambo lwakhe ngoba uhlinzeka, uyakhangisa, uyamaketha futhi uhlela futhi adayise amathikithi ohambo; 'uhlela izinto zokuhamba' ukuya endaweni yohambo; yenza uhambo 'lwengxenye nengxenye' yohambo lweholide ngokunikeza abagibeli izincwadi; isebenzisa uphawu lwayo ukuze imakethe uhambo; ikhetha abaqhubi bayo be-excursion; unobudlelwano obuhlanganyelwe kanye ne-ejensi ne-WRAVE; futhi 'ithole inani elikhulu lemali engenayo ngokuthengiswa' kohambo futhi 'eqinisweni ihlukanisa imali engenayo yohambo nomnikazi wohambo'”
Ukushiyeka Kolayini Zip
“Nokho, naphezu kwalezi zinkulumo, uCeithami uthi i-zip-zip ye-WRAVE yayintula ngezindlela eziningi: (1) yayingenawo amabhuleki noma ibhuleki eliphuthumayo; (2) indawo yokuma ekupheleni kohambo 'yayincane kakhulu ukuba umgibeli abe nesikhala esanele sokufika'; (3) I-WRAVE yehlulekile ukuqeqesha abagibeli noma abasebenzi bayo abasebenzisa i-zip-line futhi (4) isisebenzi se-WRAVE esabelwe ukuba simbambe ekugcineni kwelayini ye-zip besinganakile. U-Ceithami uthi lokhu kanye nokunye ukushiyeka okusohlwini Lwezikhalazo kwenze uhambo lwaba ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha zemboni futhi kwakuyimbangela yokulimala kwakhe”.
Ukunganaki Okuqondile Ekukhetheni Nokuqapha
“UCeithami uqale ngokusola ukuthi Usaziwayo unesibopho 'sobudedengu obuqondile ekukhetheni nasekuqapheni' i-WRAVE njengomqhubi wayo wohambo. Kodwa-ke, Isikhalazo asisho amaqiniso asekela umsebenzi Wokunakekela Wosaziwayo noma ukwehluleka ukuxwayisa futhi esikhundleni salokho sizama ukuphoqelela umsebenzi ophakeme ongasekelwe umthetho wombuso wasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga (Isikhalazo) esizama ngalo ukusho isimangalo sokuqashwa nokugcinwa budedengu, siyehluleka ukwenza lokho...Ngokulandela umthetho wezolwandle wombuso, umsebenzi wokunakekela abashayeli bemikhumbi yomkhumbi abakweleta abagibeli ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile ngaphansi kwezimo, 'okudinga, njengemfuneko yokubeka isikweletu, ukuthi inkampani yenethiwekhi ibe nesaziso sangempela noma esakhayo sesimo sokudala ubungozi'…Ngaphandle kwesaziso sangempela noma esakhayo, Usaziwayo uyaphikisana, angeke kube khona umsebenzi wokunakekela ngaphansi komthetho wombuso wasolwandle ngakho-ke akukho. isimangalo sokunganaki esisekelwe ekwehlulekeni kokuxwayisa ithiyori. Inkantolo iyavuma” (icaphuna i-Gayou v. Celebrity Cruises, Inc., 2012 US Dist. LEXIS 77536 (SD Fla. 2012)(izimangalo zomgibeli oshaye isihlahla ngesikhathi sohambo logu lwe-zip-lining e-Costa Rica; isimangalo sokunganaki sichithiwe ngoba awekho amaqiniso “okungase kuthathwe kuwo ngokuthi Usaziwayo wayazi noma bekumele azi nganoma isiphi isimo esiyingozi noma esingaphephile esihlotshaniswa nohambo lwe-zip-lining')…Isimangalo sokuqasha noma ukugcinwa budedengu…sidinga futhi) ukuthi [umnikazi womkhumbi] azi noma kufanele ngabe wazi ngokungafaneleki okuthile noma ukungafaneleki (futhi awekho lawo maqiniso asolwayo)”.
Ukumelwa ngendlela engeyiyo ngobudedengu
“U-Ceithami uphinde wasola ukuthi Usaziwayo wakumela kabi ngokunganaki ukuphepha komzila we-zip we-WRAVE…(ummangali) akasho ukuthi Usaziwayo wenza nini isethulo kuwebhusayithi yakhe, noma isikhathi sosuku akhulume ngaso noSaziwayo etafuleni lohambo… akazikhombi izitatimende ezinembile ezenziwa Usaziwayo (ethi izisebenzi nje 'ziqinisekise' isitatimende esikuwebhusayithi Yosaziwayo sokuthi i-ZIp-line WRAVE 'inamathela[d] ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziphezulu kakhulu embonini') futhi awanikezi amaqiniso mayelana umuntu osedeskini lokuvakasha okusolakala ukuthi wammelela kabi”. Le Nkantolo ichithiwe ngenxa yokwehluleka “ukwanelisa uMthetho 9(b)” ngaphandle kokubandlulula.
Isimangalo se-Joint Venture
“Inkolelo-mbono kaCeithami yokuqala yokuthi Usaziwayo unesibopho sokungakhathali sika-WRAVE isuselwe ekugomeleni kwakhe ukuthi Usaziwayo no-Wrave babenebhizinisi elihlanganyelwayo 'okufakazelwa ngomlomo nangokubhalwa phansi ngesivumelwano nokuxhumana'...Osaziwayo uyasichitha lesi sisekelo esikhomba inhlinzeko ekuso. Isivumelwano Se-Tour Operator ne-WRAVE (esihlonza i-WRAVE njenge) usonkontileka ozimele...Ngempela, Isikhalazo asinawo amaqiniso asikisela ukuthi Usaziwayo wake wahlosa ukungena ebhizinisini elihlanganyelwe ne-WRAVE. Ngakho, u-Ceithami akakufuni ngokwanele ubudedengu ngaphansi kwethiyori yebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe (ecaphuna i-Zapata v. Royal Caribbean Cruises, Inc., 2013 US Dist. LEXIS 43487 (SD Fla. 2013))".
Isiphathimandla Esibonakalayo
“Ithiyori yesibili ka-Ceithami yobudedengu esekelwe esibophweni sesikweletu ukuthi Usaziwayo uphethe i-WRAVE njenge-ejenti yakhe, nokudala ubudlelwano obusobala be-ejensi. Ekuqaleni, iNkantolo ithola ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi u-Ceithami wehlulekile ukusho isimangalo sokunganaki esizwakalayo, isimangalo sakhe 'se-ejensi esobala' siyahluleka….Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uCeithami uye wawavuma amaqiniso anele ukuze asole ubuhlobo obusobala be-ejensi phakathi kosaziwayo noSaziwayo. Wrave…Lawa maqiniso ahlanganisa ukuthi Usaziwayo 'waqhumisa' u-Ceithami 'ngochungechunge lwe-inthanethi, incwajana kanye nezinye imidiya, konke okwakukhangisa ukutholakala nokuphepha kohambo oluhlukahlukene'; imelwe kuwebhusayithi yayo ukuthi izinkambo zihlelwa 'ozakwethu'; wagcina 'ideski lokuvakasha ogwini' emkhunjini; akakaze akhombe i-WRAVE njengomnikazi kanye nomsebenzisi wohambo; wanikeza uhambo ngama-akhawunti abagibeli nge-cruise line; kuhlelwe ukuthutha ukuya ohambweni; kanye nohambo oludidiyelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kweholide lokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Ezinye izinkantolo ezimbalwa zalesi sifunda zithole izinsolo eziyiqiniso ezifanayo ukuze zisekele isimangalo sokunganaki ngaphansi kwethiyori esobala ye-ejensi yesibopho (ecaphuna u-Gayou, supra).
Umenzeli wangempela
“(Ummangali) uthi i-WRAVE ibiyi-ejenti yangempela yoSaziwayo, okwenza (Osaziwayo) benecala ngobudedengu be-WRAVE. Kodwa-ke, u-Ceithami akanawo amaqiniso asekela ubudlelwano be-ejensi futhi Isivumelwano Somsebenzi Wokuvakashela Osaziwayo ne-WRAVE siphikisana nezitatimende zokuphetha zika-Ceithami zalokho”…Nokho, uma kubhekwa izinsolo zika-Ceithami 'zezivumelwano zomlomo' ezingashiwongo mayelana nobudlelwano be-ejensi…U-Ceithami angase aphikise imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana lezi zivumelwano”.
Isiphetho
Isikhalazo esichithiwe ngaphandle kokubandlulula futhi ummangali "uzofaka isikhalazo esichitshiyelwe ngo-Okthoba 4, 2016".
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, uyi-Associate Justice esethathe umhlalaphansi ye-Appellate Division, uMnyango Wesibili weNkantolo Ephakeme YaseNew York State futhi ubelokhu ebhala ngeTravel Law iminyaka engama-41 kubandakanya nezincwadi zakhe zomthetho ezivuselelwa minyaka yonke, iTravel Law, i-Law Journal Press. (2016), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2016) kanye nezindatshana zomthetho ezingaphezu kuka-400 eziningi zazo ezitholakala ku-nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Ukuze uthole izindaba ezengeziwe zomthetho wezokuvakasha nentuthuko, ikakhulukazi emazweni angamalungu e-EU bheka i-IFTTA.org
Lo mbhalo awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.
Funda eziningi ze- Izindatshana zikaJustice Dickerson lapha.
