nguDkt. Louise de Waal
UMongameli Mokgweetsi Masisi waseBotswana uyakuphika ngokuphelele ukuthi uhulumeni wakhe uyoke abulale izindlovu, ephikisana nombiko wePhalamende ohlongoza ukuthi zibulawe. Kodwa-ke, uNgqongqoshe wezeMvelo neMvelo, ukuKongiwa kweMvelo kanye nezokuVakasha, uKitso Mokaila manje uyahlongoza indlovu "cropping".
Ukukhipha noma ukunqanda
Kusho uMasisi kuBloomberg ukuthi “empikiswaneni ngezindlovu kanye nokuphathwa kwethu kwemvelo, asiqondwanga kahle futhi asiqondwa. Ukuphakamisa ukuthi amagama angenandaba nawobudedengu afana nokubulala ake asetshenziswa. Asifuni neze ukuqola. Ngeke sikubulale.”
Le nkulumo indiza ebusweni umbiko okhishwe yiKomidi Elincane leKhabhinethi yakhe kuHunting Ban Social Dialogue eyatusa phakathi kokunye ukuthi kususwe ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela, ukuqothulwa kwezindlovu, kanye nokufaka inyama yendlovu emathinini njengokudla kwesilwane esifuywayo.
Umbiko we-Hunting Ban Social Dialogue usekelwe emihlanganweni yokubonisana nemiphakathi ethile yasemakhaya kuphela ethintwa ukuvinjelwa kokuzingela kwango-2014, kodwa ngokuxakayo awufaki imboni yezokuvakasha kanye nemiphakathi ezuzayo. Ezokuvakasha ingeyesibili engenisa i-GDP enkulu eBotswana ngemuva kwedayimane, nokho imboni ibonakala yesatshiswa izinsongo, njengokuthi “kufanele ukhumbule lapho isinkwa sakho sigcotshwa khona futhi usisekele” eyenziwe nguMokaila.
Kuphinde kubonakale kuyinqaba ukuthi uMengameli Masisi athathe iseluleko kumzingeli ongundabamlonyeni uRon Thomson, oshayele ihlombe iziphakamiso zikaMasisi ezigxekwe kakhulu zokuphatha izindlovu. UThomson uthi yena wazibulala izindlovu ezingu-5,000 (futhi waqondisa ukubulawa kwezingu-1,000 800 ngaphezulu), izinyathi ezingu-600, amabhubesi angu-50, nezimvubu ezingu-XNUMX, kodwa uyenqaba ukuba yingxenye yenkulumo-mpikiswano ekuthelevishini ehlanganisa izwi eliphikisayo. E-UK ingxoxo noPiers Morgan, wavuma, ememeza ngendlela ecasukile ngokwengeziwe, ukuthi “akazizwanga lutho” ebulala izilwane, “wayesebenza kahle kakhulu kukho”, futhi ukuntula kwakhe imizwelo kwamsiza “ukuba wenziwe umsebenzi”.
Umzingeli okuthiwa uziphethe kahle, owake waqhosha ngokubulala izindlovu ezingu-32 ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi wathi ukubulala izilwane kwamjabulisa kakhulu, uThomson. wenze izimangalo ezingenabufakazi kwenye inhlolokhono ukuthi izindlovu zaseBotswana “manje zibalwa phakathi kwe-10 ne-20 umthamo osimeme wokuthwala wezindawo zazo zokuhlala”.
Ngokusho the Umbiko Wesimo Sendlovu Yase-Afrika 2016, inani labantu baseBotswana libonise ukwehla ngo-14% kusukela ngo-2006 kanye ukubalwa kwabantu kwezindlovu zakamuva zaseBotswana ilinganisela ukuthi inani labantu bamanje lezwe lilinganiselwa ku-126,000 wezindlovu, okungaphakathi kwenkambiso eyamukelekayo.
Naphezu kwemibono ethandwayo, inani lezindlovu zamaChobe libonisa a ukuthambekela kokwehla kwesikhathi eside kusukela ngo-2010 kanye nezinkunzi zendlovu zase-Botswana nazo ziyancipha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine zokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Lo mkhuba wakamuva uzobhebhethekiswa ukuzingela izindebe, njengoba izinkunzi ezivuthwe kakhulu yizona ezibhekiswe kakhulu kubazingeli bezindondo.
“Izinkunzi zifinyelela izinga lazo kuphela phakathi kweminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala futhi lezi zinkunzi ze-must zizala cishe u-90% wayo yonke inzalo,” kusho u-Audrey Delsink (Umqondisi Wezilwane Zasendle - HSI Africa). “Imiphakathi yezindlovu nayo incike kulawa malungu amadala ngolwazi lwenhlalo nemvelo. Ukususwa kwabambalwa balaba bantu ababalulekile kuzoba nemiphumela emibi ehlala njalo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo zezindlovu.”
Ukuzingela indebe "Elungile".
Iziphakamiso zokwesula umthetho wokuzingela indebe zisasezithebeni. UMokaila usanda kuveza, ngesikhathi ekhuluma nama-trust omphakathi waseNgamiland eMaun, ukuthi uma uhulumeni ebuyisela ukuzingela kwendondo lokhu kuzokwenziwa “ngokuziphatha”.
Nokho-ke sesibone izibonelo eziningi kakhulu zokuzingela okungemthetho futhi okuvamise ukubangekho emthethweni e-Afrika eseNingizimu, konke kufiphazwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuziphendulela nokungafihli lutho.
Izilinganiso zokuzingela ngokweqile, ukuzingela ngokweqile, Futhi imikhuba yokuzingela indebe engenasimilo ngeminyaka yawo-1980-90s eBotswana, kwaholela ekwehleni ngokushesha kwenani lezilwane zasendle ezindaweni eziningi zezwe, ezinye zazo ezingakaze zilulame ngokugcwele. Inani lamabhubesi lalithinteke kakhulu lapho ezinye izindawo zehla zaba isilinganiso sabesifazane abavuthiwe abacishe babe abayisithupha kubo bonke abesilisa abavuthiwe, okuholela ezingozini ezinkulu zokongiwa kwemvelo njengokuzalanisa kanye ne-kleptoparasitism (lapho amabhubesikazi namabhubesi amancane engakwazi ukuzivikela futhi ngenxa yalokho alahlekelwa ukubulawa kwawo njalo izimpisi).
Lesi simo saholela ekutheni uhulumeni waseBotswana amise ukuzingela kwezingonyama ngo-2001, okwahlehliswa ngo-2004 ngaphansi kwengcindezi kaHulumeni wase-US. OwayenguMongameli uGeorge Bush Snr, ilungu eliqavile leSafari Club International, ubhalele iziphathimandla zaseBotswana encenga ukuthi kuqedwe ukuvinjelwa, owagcina evumile. Ukumiswa kwabuyiselwa ngo-2008 futhi kusasebenza kuze kube manje.
Muva nje, uCecil ibhubesi uzingelwe ngokungemthetho eZimbabwe. Leli bhubesi elineminyaka engu-13 ubudala ebeligqoke ikhola yocwaningo lwe-GPS lihuqwe ngesiyelo liphuma eHwange National Park, ukuze umzingeli uWalter Palmer, owayekade evalelwe. elahlwe yicala lokuzingela ngokungemthetho e-States, angabulala leli bhubesi elivikelwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela kuye noma kumzingeli oqeqeshiwe, uTheo Badenhorst, owaboshwa ngokuzama ukudayisa i-sable eZimbabwe ngokungemthetho.
Lezi ezimbalwa nje ezibonelweni eziningi ezitholakala endaweni yomphakathi, okubonisa ngokucacile ukungakwazi kwemboni yokuzingela ukugcina izindinganiso zokuziphatha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBotswana icabanga ukubuyisela ukuzingela izindebe ngesikhathi lapho “amaqiniso nezinkomba zembula ukwehla okusheshayo kokuzingela kwezilwane ezinkulu e-Afrika”, ngokusho kukaDkt Bertrand Charadonnet (Izindawo Ezivikelekile kanye Nomeluleki Wezilwane Zasendle) embikweni wakhe. Ukulungisa kabusha Izindawo Ezivikelwe e-Afrika.
E-Afrika, i-Economists at Large kubalwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali ekuzingeleni izindebe kwenza isilinganiso esingu-1.9% kuphela semali esetshenziswa kwezokuvakasha kanye nombiko wakamuva ovela eNamibia ukhombisa imikhawulo yezinzuzo zezomnotho zokuzingela indebe.
Ukusimama kwesikhathi eside kokuzingela indebe kungaphikiswana ngakho kakhulu ngokombono wesimilo, imvelo kanye nezezimali.
Ukungqubuzana Kwezindlovu Zomuntu
"Ukugcina izindlovu eziningi kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika kuholele ekubhebhethekeni kwe-Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC)", kusho uhulumeni.
Akungabazeki ukuthi i-HEC iyinkinga yangempela eBotswana edinga ukuxazululwa. Umbiko omayelana nedatha ye-Problem Animal Control esifundeni saseChobe uqophe izigameko ze-HEC ezingaba ngu-1,300 phakathi kuka-2006-17, okungukuthi ezingaba yikhulu ngonyaka, okuhlanganisa ukugasela kwezitshalo nengadi, ukulinyazwa kwempahla, kanye nezinsongo zomuntu siqu ezimpilweni zabantu. Umbiko uthi i-HEC ayinyuki nokho u-100 ukhombisa ukungahambi kahle ngemibiko engama-2016, ehlehlela emazingeni adlule ngo-300.
Imibiko yama-Sensationalist zisebenzela ukubhebhethekisa isimo esivele sibuhlungu futhi zifuna ukukhombisa ukuzingela izindondo njengesixazululo sokulawulwa kwezindlovu kanye nokhiye wokuxazulula i-HEC.
Kodwa-ke, “ukuzingela izindondo, ngeke, noma kunalokho akumele kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuminyeneni kwezindlovu zendawo”, kusho uDkt Keith Lindsay (Ungoti Wezokongiwa Kwemvelo - I-Amboseli Trust Yezindlovu). “Kungenjalo, izilwane ezilingana nendebe ngeke zibe khona ukuze abazingeli bazodubula. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela izindondo akunawo umthelela oqondile ekwehliseni i-HEC”.
Njengoba i-HEC ihamba phambili engxoxweni yendlovu, ngokumangalisayo uMokaila umemezele muva nje ukuthi eyakhe UMnyango uhlela ukumisa isinxephezelo se-HEC, njengoba “imiphakathi ikwazi ukuqhamuka nezixazululo zokubhekana ne-HEC ngokwayo”. Ingabe kungenzeka ukuthi leli yisu elingenangqondo lokuphoqa imiphakathi ukuthi isekele ukuzingela izindebe?
Impahla yezindlovu
IBotswana, iNamibia kanye neZimbabwe yethule a isiphakamiso esihlanganyelwe ku-CITES ukuchibiyela uhlu lwezindlovu zase-Afrika ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhwebelana ngezilwane eziphilayo, amazinyo endlovu abhalisiwe, izindondo zokuzingela ngezinhloso ezingezona ezohwebo kanye nemikhiqizo yezindlovu.
Lokhu kuthengiswa okusobala kwezindlovu yilokho i-Kavango-Zambezi Trans-Frontier Conservation Area bloc ekubiza kahle ngokuthi “uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezilwane zasendle zesayensi".
Phezu kokungqubuzana okunengi mayelana ngodaba lwendlovu zeBotswana, uhulumende walo ubambe umhlangano weNdlovu ekuqaleni kwenyanga le njalo enkulumeni kaMasisi evulayo kusobala ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezilwane zasendle kanye lendlovu ikakhulu yikhona okumkhathazayo. Lokhu “kuthengiselwa” abantu baseBotswana njengesixazululo se-HEC kanye nendlela eqhubekayo yokuvikela impilo yabantu bendawo.
Zonke izinhlaka zezinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule okumele ngabe ziholela ohlelweni oluzayo lokulawulwa kwezindlovu olulungele abantu baseBotswana kanye nezilwane zayo zasendle, zibukeka zingelutho ngaphandle komkhankaso wokhetho wokuthi uMasisi anxuse abavoti basemaphandleni, kanye nokulungiselela umhlangano ozayo we-CITES CoP18.
Khonamanjalo, isinqumo sokwesula isigwebo sokuzingela izindebe sisalindile futhi akukho okukhomba ukuthi sizothathwa nini isinqumo.
