Yiziphi izindiza ezingase zilahlekelwe yimithwalo yakho? Ezinkulu.
Umnyango Wezokuthutha ukhipha izibalo nyanga zonke ngenani izindiza “zokuphatha kabi” imithwalo — okungukuthi, zingakulethi yona ngendiza yakho. Lezo zibalo zigxuma phansi naphezulu, kodwa ukuthatha ukubuka okude kakhulu kuveza ukuthi ezinye izindiza bezingcono kakhulu kunezinye ezinsizeni yemithwalo.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, i-UAL Corp.'s United Airlines, AMR Corp.'s American Airlines kanye ne-Delta Air Lines Inc. - izinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zezwe - zinamarekhodi amabi kakhulu okuphatha imithwalo phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu. Izinga lomthwalo we-United elingaphathwa kahle phakathi kuka-1998 no-2007 laliphezulu ngo-29% kunele-Continental Airlines Inc., eyayinomlando omuhle kakhulu weminyaka eyi-10 phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu zezindiza.
Ukuphatha imithwalo kudonse ukunakwa okukhulu muva nje kubahambi abathola ukuthi manje sekumele bakhokhele isevisi yemithwalo ebikade imahhala. Ngokuvamile, kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zezindiza. Izinga lezikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle zezinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili ezinkulu ezazindizayo eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule laliphezulu ngama-28% ngo-2007 kunango-1998.
Inombolo egqamile: 23 million. Lelo inani labagibeli abanezikhwama ezibambezelekile noma ezilahlekile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule yizinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu.
Lokho kungase kuguquke ngenxa yezindleko zemithwalo - abahambi babheka izikhwama ezimbalwa ukuze bonge imali, futhi abaphathi bezindiza bathi umthamo oncishisiwe kufanele ubavumele ukuba bathuthukise ukuthembeka kwemithwalo. Izikhwama ezimbalwa ezihloliwe zisho izimo ezimbalwa zokushiywa kwemithwalo ngenxa yesisindo sendiza noma iziphathi zemithwalo zigcwala umthamo kanye nokubohla izixhumanisi zendiza noma amapotimende angahambi ngendlela. NgoJulayi, isibonelo, inyanga yokuqala egcwele yemali ekhokhwayo yokuhlola noma yimuphi umthwalo, i-American ithi amakhasimende ayo ahlole izikhwama ezimbalwa eziyisigidi kunoJulayi ngonyaka odlule, futhi isibalo sezikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle sehle ngo-35%.
I-Air Transport Association, okuyiqembu labahwebi elimele izinkampani zezindiza, isola uhlelo lwesizwe oluvimbekile lokulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza kanye nokwanda kokubambezeleka kokuhamba emoyeni ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lezikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. “Ukubambezeleka kubangela ukugeja ukuxhumana. Ukugeja izikhwama kubangela izikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle,” kusho okhulumela i-ATA uDavid Castelveter.
Izinkampani zezindiza ezinamarekhodi angcono ngesikhathi nazo zinamarekhodi emithwalo angcono, njengoba ukubambezeleka kungaholela ekutheni imithwalo isale ngemuva. Njengoba izinkampani zezindiza zijaha ukuthola amashejuli azo, isikhathi sokuhamba phakathi kwezindiza siyancipha, okuholela ekuxhumekeni okwengeziwe okugejiwe kwemithwalo.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-American, yayivamise ukuhamba kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nemithwalo, izinga lokuphatha imithwalo licishe libe yi-avareji kuze kube u-2001. Kusukela lapho, nokho, liye laba libi minyaka yonke, njengoba ukuthembeka ngesikhathi kwenkampani yezindiza nakho kwehlile. “Kukhona ukuhlobana,” kusho uMark Dupont, iphini likamongameli waseMelika ezinkonzo zesikhumulo sezindiza. Kusukela ngo-2004 kuqhubeke, "kube nokwehla okungaguquguquki ngakunye - ukwethembeka kanye nemithwalo."
Kodwa i-American, enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zalo nyaka, nayo isalele ngemuva kwezimbangi zayo ekuthengeni ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwemithwalo. Ezinye izinkampani zezindiza, isibonelo, bezilokhu zisebenzisa izikena zekhodi yebha ebanjwa ngesandla iminyaka embalwa ukuze zilandelele kangcono izikhwama futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye silayishwa endizeni efanele.
I-American ihlola iyunithi yeselula emasangweni ayi-10 e-Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. Amayunithi, afakwe kukhebhu yogandaganda abashayela izikhwama phakathi kwezindiza ezixhumayo, anikeza abagijimi bezikhwama ulwazi olufika ngesikhathi ngoshintsho lwamasango nolunye ulwazi lwendiza kunamaphepha abawanikezwa manje, okungenzeka abe yimizuzu engama-30 ubudala noma ngaphezulu futhi engekho. izinguquko zesango nolunye ulwazi.
Izinkinga zemithwalo ziwumthombo omkhulu wokukhungatheka kubagibeli bezindiza. Uma kuvela izikhwama ezingekho, izinkampani zezindiza zivame ukutshela abagibeli ukuthi abazi ukuthi kwenzekeni ngesikhwama. Okubi nakakhulu, nakuba abagibeli abaningi manje sebekhokha imali yemithwalo engagcina isinda, izinkampani zezindiza azibuyisi izimali uma izikhwama zingafiki endizeni efanayo nomgibeli. Abagibeli obekumele balinde amahora noma izinsuku ukuze izikhwama zilethwe ngokuvamile kufanele bafake izikhalazo ezinkampanini zezindiza ukuze bathole isinxephezelo, futhi ngokuvamile kuvela ngendlela yamavawusha ohambo oluzayo, kunokubuyiselwa kwemali yesevisi yemithwalo.
U-Rafael Sabbagh Armony nomkakhe babebuyela ekhaya e-Brazil ngemva kweholidi lamasonto amabili e-US lapho efika ezinkingeni zaseMelika. Indiza yakhe yangoJuni 23 yaseMelika isuka eSan Francisco ilibangise eMiami ukuze ixhumeke eRio de Janeiro iphambukiselwe eLos Angeles ukuze ifike endaweni ephuthumayo. Ngemva kokulinda amahora angaphezu kwamahlanu, umMelika wafaka abagibeli kwenye indiza engazange ifike eMiami kwaze kwaba sekusondele ihora lesi-3 ekuseni i-American yabanika amavawusha ekamelo lasehhotela nokudla, kodwa babamba imithwalo yabo esikhumulweni sezindiza, nakuba babengafuni. ngihambe e-Miami kuze kube ngu-8:35 pm ngosuku olulandelayo.
Lapho uMnumzane Armony nomkakhe befika eBrazil, bathola ukuthi imithwalo yabo yayingakafiki nabo. Yayisendizeni elandelayo, eyayingahlelelwe ukuthi ihlale kwaze kwaba ngemva kwamahora amabili nesigamu.
“Iholide ngokwalo e-United States belimnandi ngempela. Besikuthanda ukuba lapho,” kusho uMnu. Armony. "Kodwa ingxenye yendiza yayibuhlungu."
UMnu. Dupont waseMelika uthi umthwalo bekufanele ubuyiselwe kumbhangqwana ngalobo busuku eMiami, bese uhlolwa ngakusasa wabe esehamba ngendiza efanele eya eBrazil.
I-Delta ibilokhu ingcono kune-avareji yemboni yezikhwama ezilahlekile kuze kube ngu-2003; kusukela lapho, kube kubi kakhulu kunesilinganiso semboni. I-Delta ithi ukugcizelela kwayo okuvuselelwe ekwakheni izindawo zayo e-Atlanta naseNew York-Kennedy kusho ukuthi amasistimu amadala, ikakhulukazi emithwalo yezandla kulezo zindawo ayekhungathekile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Atlanta, abashayeli bathutha izikhwama phakathi kwamatheminali, njengoba amabhande okuthutha engaxhumi iningi lamatheminali e-Delta. “Ingqalasizinda yemithwalo yase-Atlanta yakhelwe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kuphela yevolumu esiyiphethe manje,” kusho uSteve Gorman, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-Delta kwezokusebenza.
Inkampani yezindiza isiphakathi komkhankaso wemali engu-$100 million ohlanganisa amabhande amasha okuthutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bemithwalo. Kulo nyaka iDelta iqale ukuthumela izikena ezibanjwa ngesandla. Futhi ubuchwepheshe buzobhekana nenye imbangela evamile yezikhwama ezingaphathwa kahle: Umthwalo ofika e-Atlanta kodwa ongaxhumi ezindizeni ezikude namahora amabili ulahlwe endaweni yokubamba - ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ukhohlwe. Izisebenzi kufanele zizidobe mathupha ezindizeni zazo ezixhumayo.
Kufakwe izilawuli eziqinile ezehlise ukuxhumana okungaxhunywanga, kusho uMnu. Gorman, futhi ngonyaka ozayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzomaka izikhwama ngokuzenzekelayo uma sekuyisikhathi sokuzilayisha ezindizeni ezixhumayo.
Kule minyaka engu-10 edlule, i-Continental, i-Southwest Airlines Co. kanye ne-Alaska Air Group Inc.'s Alaska Airlines zibe ezihamba phambili ekuphatheni imithwalo. Amandla e-Continental ayaphawuleka ngoba, njenge-United, American kanye ne-Delta, inezindawo ezinkulu ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziminyene, kodwa eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kweyi-10 edlule, izinga layo lokungaphathwa kahle kwemithwalo libe ngcono kunesilinganiso sezindiza ezinkulu.
Umkhulumeli uthi i-Continental ibiphatha ukulethwa kwemithwalo njengenye yezinhloso zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi manje. Uthi: “Ukundiza ngesikhathi kusiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni zokusebenza nezinhlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-United, ithi isisebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokuskena okungcono nokulandelelwa kwemithwalo, yashintsha izinqubo zokulayisha nokudlulisa izikhwama phakathi kwezindiza, ukulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe kwezihlungi zemithwalo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokulawula imithwalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwayo ngesikhathi kuholele ekuphathweni kwemithwalo okuthuthukisiwe kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, futhi, kusho umkhulumeli wesifazane.
Inkampani yezindiza ibe nezinxushunxushu ekusebenzeni kwayo ngo-1999 nango-2000 phakathi kwezingxabano namaqembu ezisebenzi futhi yagcina ihlelwe kabusha ngokuqothuka ngo-2002. Kodwa ngo-2007, izinga le-United lokuphatha imithwalo lalingcono kunelaseSouthwest. Kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, isebenze kangcono kancane kune-avareji kontanga yayo.
I-United ibe nonyaka omubi kunayo yonke kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ngo-1999, lapho yaphatha kabi izikhwama ezingu-7.79 kubagibeli abayinkulungwane, noma kwalahleka okungenani isikhwama esisodwa kubagibeli abayi-1,000. Lokho kusho ukuthi abagibeli abangaphezu koyedwa endizeni ngayinye bagcine begcwalise amafomu futhi bekhathazekile ukuthi izimpahla zizoke zibuyiswe yini.
Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, i-US Airways Group Inc. ibe yinkampani ethwala imithwalo embi kakhulu ekusingatheni imithwalo yasekhaya phakathi kwezinkampani zezindiza ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa i-America West Airlines Inc. ngaleso sikhathi. (I-US Airways ne-America West zihlanganiswe ngo-2005.) Ngonyaka odlule, njengoba inkampani idonsa kanzima ekusebenzeni kwayo ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlanganisa lezi zinkampani ezimbili zezindiza, yahlupheka unyaka omubi kakhulu kunoma iyiphi inkampani enkulu kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule: I-US Airways 8.47 imibiko yemithwalo engaphathwa kahle kubagibeli abayi-1,000, noma umbiko owodwa kubagibeli abayi-118 basekhaya.
Inkampani yezindiza ishintshe ukusebenza kulo nyaka futhi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2008 ibengcono kune-Delta kanye ne-American ekuhlinzekeni imithwalo.
