(eTN) - Ezikhathini zamuva nje, isibalo sabantu base-Afrika abaya phesheya siphindeke kabili. Ezwenikazi lonke, eNtshonalanga Afrika naseNigeria ikakhulukazi, awukho umndeni ongenalo ilungu elihlala phesheya kwezilwandle ngokusemthethweni noma ngokungemthetho. Eqinisweni, sekuyindaba yophawu lwesimo ukuba nelungu lomndeni elihlala phesheya kwezilwandle. Kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga Afrika naseNigeria, imindeni eminingi iphila ngokuyinhloko ngemali evela phesheya.
Impela amagalelo alaba bantu emnothweni wamazwe abo, ikakhulukazi imali ethunyelwa ngaphandle akhula mihla namalanga. Isibonelo, umbiko osanda kukhishwa yiBhange Elikhulu LaseNigeria (CBN) ubonisa ukuthi abantu baseNigeria abaHlakazekile bakhiphe u-$8 billion engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka kuphela. Lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi siphindeke kabili ngoDisemba 2007.
Emashumini eminyaka edlule, abantu base-Afrika bancengwa noma bayengelwa ukuba baye phesheya kwezilwandle ukuze bathole imfundo yasentshonalanga. Kwaba njalo eminyakeni yangaphambi kwenkululeko nangemuva kwayo lapho imibuso emisha eyayidinga izisebenzi zokuqhuba izindaba zayo inikeza imifundaze kubantu abasha base-Afrika abakhanyayo.
Namuhla, umkhuba usushintshile. Umnyango obheke emazweni aseNtshonalanga awuselona ilungelo labantu base-Afrika abafundile, kodwa usenoma ngubani ongakwazi ukukhokha imali yokugibela. Kuyinto eyaziwayo kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga Afrika ukuthi imali nengcebo akukhuli emigwaqweni yase-Europe, kodwa insada yamathuba ashodayo e-Afrika kubantu base-Afrika abanamakhono nabangenawo amakhono. Ngempela, isimo somnotho esinzima siyisici esiyinhloko esenza intsha eningi yase-Afrika ifuduke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi futhi abambalwa abaphumelele baphila kangcono kunabasekhaya.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-'80s, abantu baseNtshonalanga Afrika abangenamakhono bebelokhu behamba ngokuzithandela ngamanani amakhulu beya e-Europe ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho, iSpain, i-Italy ne-Malta njengezindawo abazikhethela kuzo. Lokhu kwengeza kulabo abasuswa yizimpi nezinhlekelele ezindaweni ezifana neLiberia, Sierra Leone futhi muva nje e-Cote d'Ivoire.
Abaningi balaba bahambi, abangakwazi ukuthola ama-visa ngokuqondile ezindlini zamanxusa amazwe asentshonalanga, manje sebephendukela ogwadule nolwandle. Bebeka yonke into engcupheni, bakholelwa ukuthi i-European Union ngaphansi kwelungiselelo le-Schengen ayibafuni yingakho ohulumeni babo bengakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ngenxa yalokhu, bakhethe ukuthuthela emazweni ababona ukuthi anendawo yokudlala yabo bonke labo abangaba nesibindi sokuphupha.
Iqoqo elisha labafuduki, abesilisa nabesifazane bahlanganisa ababazi abangaqeqeshiwe kahle, abakhi, omakhenikha, nabanye abangenalo nhlobo uhlobo lwemisebenzi. Ngokusho kwenxusa laseNigeria eSpain, kubantu baseNigeria abayizi-18,000 10,000 lapho, cishe abayizi-XNUMX XNUMX kubo abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala isiNgisi, okuwulimi olusemthethweni lwaseNigeria ngoba abakaze babe nalolo hlobo lwemfundo. Okufanayo kuyasebenza naseGhana, eSenegal, eMali naseCameroon amazwe aphambili akhiqiza abantu bokufika ngokungemthetho eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Abaningi bokufika base-Afrika namuhla ababhekwa njengengozi yezokuphepha eYurophu abantu abenze kwaba nzima ukuya eYurophu. Bakhokha imali eningi ukuze bathole ama-visa noma bangene emigwaqweni ehlukahlukene nezindlela zasolwandle. Ukuze baqale lolu hambo, abaningi bathengisa izindawo zabo noma bathatha imali ebolekiwe okumelwe ibuyiselwe ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ukwehluleka kwabo ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe ngokuvamile kwakusho imiphumela emibi emikhayeni yabo emakhaya. Ukuze kugwenywe le ngozi, abokufika bavame ukuphoqwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'umzila osheshayo' e-Afrika; izenzo zobugebengu, ukudayisa ngomzimba kanye nokudayisa izidakamizwa.
Laba bantu bokufika ngokungemthetho, abangafundile futhi ikakhulukazi abangenalo ubizo bakuthola kunzima ukuhlanganisa. Babhekana nezinkinga zolimi namasiko, ngaleyo ndlela benze ukuhlanganisa kube nzima, noma kungenzeki.
Naphezu kosongo lokuboshwa, ubandlululo, umgoqo wamasiko kanye nesimo sokuba isakhamuzi esisezingeni lesibili kwamanye amazwe aphesheya, abaningi basadelela, baqala uhambo lokuthuthukisa isimo sabo somnotho.
Ukufuduka kwabantu base-Afrika ngezinkulungwane zabo kubangela ukudideka e-European Union. Lo mkhuba usuphenduke insakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emikhankasweni yokhetho njengoba amanye amaqembu ephakamisa ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinqala ukuze kubhekwe izikhukhula zabokufika.
Amahemuhemu akhona okuthi izikebhe eziningi ezigadayo ziqondise ngamabomu futhi zizike izikebhe zabokufika ngokungemthetho njengendlela yokubavimba ukuthi bafike e-Europe kanye nokuvezwa kwakamuva kwesihluku sezingane zase-Afrika eCanary Islands ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga. Ngaphandle kokulimaza isithunzi i-EU njengenhlangano ethembekile, izophakamisa izigxobo kubantu ukuthi balokothe ukuthatha uhambo.
Ngokuhluleka kwalokhu okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, i-EU isiphinde yaqinisa ingcindezi eLibya naseMorocco ukuthi iqinise kulabo abathathwa njengabafuduki base-Afrika ngokubaphatha kubi kanye nangombono wokubadikibalisa ukuthi baluthathe uhambo lokunqamula ogwadule baye eYurophu.
Ngenkathi iMorocco ezikhathini eziningi yenqaba ukuxosha iningi labantu baseNigeria, iLibya yize ime iPan Africanism isaqhubeka nokuxosha abantu base-Afrika ngokungakhethi. Kunobufakazi obucacile bokuphathwa kabi kwabafuduki base-Afrika, abaningi babo bavalelwe ezikhwameni ezinkulu nasemasakeni futhi balahlwa olwandle lweMedithera ngokuvikeleka kweLibya kanye nabaseLibya abajwayelekile.
Ukuze kube ne-Europe ephephile, imisebenzi kanye nosizo kufanele kunikezwe lezi zigaba zabantu ukuze zibanxenxe ekwenzeni ubugebengu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngokufanayo, imfuneko ye-visa ye-Schengen kufanele ikhululeke, uma iYurophu ifuna abokufika abavela e-Afrika babe ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane.
Noma ngabe kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banamakhono noma abanamakhono, abanye ongqondongqondo nezingqondo ezingcono kakhulu zishiye izwekazi ziyofuna impilo engcono phesheya kwezilwandle ngaleyo ndlela zidala igebe kuwo wonke umkhakha wemizamo yethu yomuntu.
Abaholi base-Afrika banesibopho sokundiza kwabantu phesheya kwezilwandle. Akukho ukuphika ukuthi ukuphila e-Afrika kubi, kufushane futhi kunonya. Ukuzinza kwezombusazwe, ukuvikeleka kwempilo nempahla, ingqalasizinda yezinga eliphezulu, amathuba okufeza iphupho lomuntu ngezinye zezinto eziheha abantu base-Afrika e-Europe, eMelika nase-Asia.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwendawo ekahle ngeke nje kunqande leli gagasi kodwa kuzophinde kukhuthaze ama-Afrika ahlala emazweni angaphandle ukuba abuyele emakhaya ayobonisa leli zwekazi izinga eliphakeme kakhulu.
[Lucky uGeorge eturbonews inxusa eNigeria kanye nomshicileli we-www.travelafricanews.com. Uphinde abe ngumnqobi we-European Commission 2006 Lorenzo Natali Prize for Journalists Reporting Human Rights and Democracy.]
