Esihlokweni somthetho wezokuvakasha waleli sonto sihlola icala lika-Airbnb, Inc. v. Idolobha lase-Santa Monica, Icala N: 2:16-cv-06645-ODW (AFM)(Juni 14, 2018) lapho i-“Plaintiffs HomeAway.com I-, Inc. kanye ne-Airbnb, Inc., baqale izinyathelo ezihlukene zokuphonsela inselelo umthetho (i-Odinensi) owaphasiswa yiDolobha laseSanta Monica, eCalifornia (iDolobha) olawula ukuqashiswa kwezabelo zamakhaya (kanye) nokufuna usizo olungagunyaziwe ngaphansi kuka-42 USC 1983 ngenxa ukwephulwa (1) Kwezichibiyelo Zokuqala, Zesine kanye Neshumi Nane Zomthethosisekelo wase-US; (2) Umthetho Wokuhlonipheka Kwezokuxhumana (CDA), 47 USC 230 kanye (3) Nomthetho Wezokuxhumana Ezigciniwe (SCA), 18 USC 2701 (izimangalo zenhlangano). Abamangali baphinde basola ukuthi i-Odinensi yephula uMthetho Wasogwini lwase-California…Idolobha lithatha isinyathelo sokuchitha izimangalo zomthetho wenhlangano yabamangali futhi licele ukuthi iNkantolo yenqabe igunya elingeziwe phezu kwesimangalo esisele somthetho kahulumeni… INkantolo ivumela isiphakamiso seDolobha”.
Ecaleni le-Airbnb, Inc. iNkantolo yaphawula ukuthi “i-Airbnb ne-Homeaway zisebenza ngamamodeli ahlukene ebhizinisi. I-Airbnb ihlinzeka ngamasevisi okucubungula izinkokhelo avumela ababungazi ukuthi bathole izinkokhelo ngekhompyutha. I-Airbnb ithola imali evela kusivakashi kanye nosokhaya, ehlanganisa amasevisi ayo okufakwa ohlwini, ebalwa njengephesenti lemali yokubhuka. Ababungazi abangekho ekhaya bakhokhela amasevisi ngendlela eyodwa kwezimbili: inketho yokukhokha ngokubhukha ngokusekelwe kumaphesenti yenani elikhokhiswe umsingathi. Noma ukuthenga ukubhalisa ukuze ukhangise izakhiwo ngesikhathi esimisiwe. Abahambi abasebenzisa abasingathi be-Homeaway bakhokha ngokuqondile noma ngabacubunguli bokukhokha bezinkampani zangaphandle”.
I-Odinensi
“NgoMeyi 2015, iDolobha lamukela i-Odinensi (i-Original Odinance) (eyayi) enqabela 'Izindawo Eziqashiswa Ngamaholide' ezazichazwa njengokuqashwa kwendawo yokuhlala izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu zilandelana noma ngaphansi, lapho izakhamuzi zingahlali emayunithi azo ukuze zibambe izivakashi...The Original I-Odinensi yayivumela abahlali ukuthi baphathe izivakashi ukuze bathole isinxephezelo isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu nanye, inqobo nje uma izakhamuzi zithola ilayisense yebhizinisi futhi zihlala endaweni lapho isivakashi sihlala khona. IDolobha lithi i-Odinensi Yokuqala yamukele ngokusobala futhi yaqinisekisa ukwenqatshelwa kweDolobha osekunesikhathi eside kuqashiswa isikhathi esifushane. Abamangali baphikisa ngokuthi i-Odinensi Yokuqala yenze ushintsho emthethweni, ngoba ngaphambi kokuthi iphasiswe, iDolobha alikaze likuvimbele ngokuqondile ukuqashiswa kwesikhashana”.
Ukulawula Amapulatifomu Wokusingatha
“I-Odinensi Yokuqala iphinde yalawula 'Izinkundla Zokusingatha' njengabamangali, ngokubavimba 'ekukhangiseni' noma 'ukukhuthaza' ukuqasha okuphula imithetho yeDolobha yokuqasha yesikhashana. Iphinde ifune ukuthi (1) baqoqe futhi bayithumele eDolobheni elisebenzayo le-Transient Occupancy Tax futhi (2) badalule ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokufakwa ohlwini eDolobheni, okuhlanganisa namagama abantu ababhekele ukufakwa ohlwini ngalunye, ikheli, ubude bokuhlala. kanye nenani elikhokhelwa usuku ngalunye. Idolobha likhiphe Abamangali izingcaphuno ezimbalwa ngokulandela I-Odinensi Yokuqala, abamangali abayikhokha ngaphansi kokubhikisha”.
I-Odinensi Ichitshiyelwe
“NgoJanuwari 24, 2017, iDolobha lamukela i-Odinensi, eyachibiyela i-Odinensi Yokuqala. I-Odinensi ayikuvimbeli ukushicilelwa, noma idinga ukususwa kokuqukethwe okunikezwa Abamangali ngabasingathi, futhi ayidingi Abamangali ukuthi baqinisekise okuqukethwe okunikezwa ababungazi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ababungazi abaqashisayo besikhathi esifushane bathobela umthetho. Kunalokho i-Odinensi ivimbela ama-Hosting Platforms 'ukugcwalisa[u] noma yikuphi ukubhukha kwanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala noma iyunithi ngaphandle uma isohlwini lwezincwadi zeDolobha [zabasingathi bokwabelana ngezindlu] ngesikhathi inkundla yokusingatha ithola imali yokubhukha. '. 'Umsebenzi wokubhuka' '[a]noma yikuphi ukubhukha noma [isevisi yokukhokha ehlinzekwa umuntu oqhuba umsebenzi wokwabelana ngendlu noma wokuqasha iholide phakathi kwalowo ozoba umsebenzisi wesikhashana kanye nomsingathi'. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Odinensi ivumela iDolobha ukuthi ;likhiphe izikhalazo zokuphatha njengoba kudingekile ukuze lithole ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokwabelana ngezindlu kanye nokufakwa ohlwini lokuqashisa ngeholide okutholakala eDolobheni...Ukwephulwa ngakunye kwe-Odinensi ngokwephula umthetho, okungahlawuliswa inhlawulo efika ku-$250. , noma isenzo esingalungile, esingajeziswa ngenhlawulo efinyelela ku-$500, ukugqunywa ejele izinyanga eziyisithupha noma kokubili”.
Umthetho Wokuhlonishwa Kwezokuxhumana
"Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi i-Odinensi yephula i-CDA...ngoba i-Odinensi iphatha Abamangali njengomshicileli noma isikhulumi solwazi olunikezwa abasingathi, abangabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe bezinkampani zangaphandle...Abamangali baphikisa ngokuthi, ngokubafuna ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi uhlu lufakiwe yini Irejista yeDolobha ngaphambi kokuphothula umsebenzi wokubhuka, i-Odinensi ibeka isibopho kubo ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe okuhlinzekwe ngabanye abantu. IDolobha lithi izicelo ze-CDA zommangali kufanele zichithwe ngoba i-Odinensi iqondise ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni okungahambisani nemisebenzi yokushicilela...Emyalweni Wenkantolo (wangaphambili) owenqaba isinqumo sokuqala, iNkantolo yavumelana neDolobha, yathola ukuthi i-Odinensi ayibajezisi Abamangali. ' imisebenzi yokushicilela; kunalokho ifuna ukubavimba ekuqhubekiseleni phambili ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi ezinkampanini zabo ezephula umthetho. Ekufinyeleleni lesi sinqumo, iNkantolo yalandela isinqumo ecaleni elifanayo esivela ku-Northern District of California e-Airbnb, Inc. v. County of San Francisco, 217 F. Supp. 3d 1066 (ND Cal. 2016)('Isinqumo SaseSan Francisco'). INkantolo ayitholi sizathu sokuguqula izizathu zayo zangaphambili mayelana nesimangalo se-CDA sabamangali”.
Ukuchibiyela kokuqala
“Abaphikisi basola ukuthi i-Odinensi iwumkhawulo osuselwe kokuqukethwe othwesa umthwalo futhi upholise ngokungavumelekile inkulumo yabo yezentengiselwano evikelwe, futhi, ngalokho, yephula Isichibiyelo Sokuqala…Emyalweni (wangaphambili) owenqaba Isiphakamiso Sabamangali Sokuqulwa Kwamacala Okuqala, iNkantolo ithole ukuthi i-Odinensi. ilawula ukuziphatha, hhayi inkulumo, kanye nokuthi ukuziphatha okuvinjelwe yi-Odinensi yokubhukha izakhiwo zokuhlala ezingabaliwe ohlwini lokubhaliswa kweDolobha - ayinayo 'isici esicacile' esifana neso sokuvikela isichibiyelo sokuqala. INkantolo ayiboni sizathu sokuphinde ibheke izizathu ezibekwe kumyalelo wayo wangaphambilini”.
Ukuchitshiyelwa kweshumi nane
“Abamangali basola ukuthi i-Odinensi yephula iSichibiyelo Seshumi Nane ngoba ibeka icala eliqinile lobugebengu ngaphandle kobufakazi be-mens real noma isayensi…UMkhandlu futhi uphikisa ngokuthi ukungabikho kwesinqumo esinqunyiwe akwenzi kube yize umthetho wobugebengu; esikhundleni salokho i-scienter iyisici esishiwo ekuqinisekiseni isibopho sobugebengu…iNkantolo iyavuma”.
Umthetho Wezokuxhumana Ezigciniwe
“Abamangali basola ukuthi imfuneko ye-Odinensi yokuthi badalule imininingwane eyimfihlo njalo eDolobheni, ngaphandle kokubizela enkantolo...iphula uMthetho Wezokuxhumana Ezigcinwe (i-SCA) kanye Nesichibiyelo Sesine. I-Odinensi ihlinzeka ngokuthi '[ku]ngaphansi kwemithetho esebenzayo, izinkundla ezibamba iqhaza zizodalula eDolobheni njalonjalo indawo ngayinye yokwabelana ngezindlu nezindawo eziqashisayo eziseDolobheni, amagama abantu ababhekele lokho kufakwa ohlwini. Ikheli lohlu ngalunye olunjalo, ubude bokuhlala kuhlu ngalunye olunjalo kanye nenani elikhokhelwe ngokuhlala ngakunye'. IDolobha lithi izinhlinzeko 'zemithetho esebenzayo' zisho ukuthi i-Odinensi kufanele ihambisane ne-SCA, Isichibiyelo Sesine kanye ne-SMMC 6.20.100(e) echaza inqubo yokubizela iDolobha ukuze ithole ulwazi oluchazwe ngenhla...Ngakho-ke, iNkantolo ithola ukuthi i-Odinensi ayiphuli i-SCA noma iSichibiyelo Sesine ebusweni bayo”.
Isiphetho
“Ngenxa yokuthi iNkantolo izichithile zonke izimangalo zabamangali ezisalindile, iNkantolo iyenqaba ukusebenzisa amandla okulawula asele ezimangalweni zomthetho kahulumeni ngaphansi koMthetho Wasogwini wase-California…iNkantolo inika iSiphakamiso Sedolobha Sokuchitha”.
UPatricia noTom Dickerson
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, udlule emhlabeni ngoJulayi 26, 2018 eneminyaka engama-74. Ngomusa womndeni wakhe, eTurboNews uvunyelwe ukwaba izindatshana zakhe esinazo efayeleni asithumele lona ukuze sizolishicilela masonto onke ngokuzayo.
UMhlonishwa. UDickerson uthathe umhlalaphansi njenge-Associate Justice ye-Appellate Division, uMnyango Wesibili weNkantolo Ephakeme YaseNew York State futhi wabhala ngeTravel Law iminyaka engama-42 kubandakanya nezincwadi zakhe zomthetho ezivuselelwa minyaka yonke, iTravel Law, i-Law Journal Press (2018), Litigating International Torts in Izinkantolo zase-US, iThomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Izenzo Zekilasi: Umthetho Wezizwe eziyi-50, i-Law Journal Press (2018), kanye nezindatshana zomthetho ezingaphezu kuka-500 eziningi zazo kuyatholakala lapha. Ngezinye izindaba zomthetho wezokuvakasha nentuthuko, ikakhulukazi emazweni angamalungu e-EU, Chofoza lapha.
Funda eziningi ze- Izindatshana zikaJustice Dickerson lapha.
Le ndatshana kungenzeka ingakhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume.
