Phakathi kuka-1903 no-1937, imivubukulo eyenziwa e-Egypt ngu-Ernesto Schiaparelli kwase kuthi u-Giulio Farina ilethe izinto zobuciko ezingaba ngu-30,000 emnyuziyamu waseTurin.
Umnyuziyamu waba nokuhlelwa kabusha kokuqala ngo-1908 futhi okwesibili, okubaluleke kakhulu ngo-1924, ngokuvakasha okusemthethweni kweNkosi. Ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuntuleka kwendawo, uSchiaparelli wahlela kabusha iphiko elisha lomnyuziyamu, ngaleso sikhathi elalibizwa ngokuthi “i-Schiaparelli Wing.”
I-papyrus ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni igcinwe ku- UMuzio Egizio, ebonisa izidumbu zabantu, zonke eziye zahlaziywa kuProjekthi Yokulondoloza I-Mummy.
Izidumbu zezidumbu zezilwane nazo ziyafundwa futhi zibuyiselwe zihlala “Endaweni Yokubuyisela,” kuyilapho isifanekiso sikaSethy II singabonakala eGalari Yamakhosi noRamses II (isithombe esidliwe), esinye sezikhumbuzo zokuqala zaseGibhithe ukufika eTurin, esatholwa uVitaliano. Donati cishe ngo-1759.
Umgwaqo oya eMenfi naseTebe Usuka eTurin - uJean-François Champollion
Ngemva kokulungiswa okumangalisayo komnyuziyamu eminyakeni yamuva, (okubiza ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-50) i-Museo Egizio yavulwa kabusha ngo-2015 ngomklamo wesimanje.
Iqukethe izinto zobuciko ezingaphezu kuka-40,000, ezingu-4,000 zazo eziboniswa ngokulandelana kwezikhathi emakamelweni angu-15 asakazwe phezu kwezitezi ezi-4. Isibalo sezivakashi siphindeke kabili ngokufika kuka-2014 komqondisi u-Christian Greco, ophinde abe ngumfundisi oyisivakashi e-Abu Dhabi, e-Metropolitan Museum eNew York, kanye ne-British Museum e-London, ukusho ezinye.
Lapho sivakashela i-Egypt Museum ngo-August kulo nyaka, saba nenjabulo yokunikezwa uhambo olufushane nguMqondisi uChristian Greco, okhuluma izilimi ezi-5 ngokushelelayo, futhi ubelokhu efuna ukuba umvubukuli kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala futhi wavakashela e-Luxor nge. unina. Wabuye wafunda eNyuvesi yaseLeiden (Netherlands) futhi wasebenza njengomvubukuli eLuxor iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6.
Abangane bami abangama-Arabhu bahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu umthombo omangalisayo wezinto zobuciko kanye nezidumbu, kodwa futhi namasu akamuva esayensi abonisa izidumbu ngaphandle kokuziqaqa kanye noMqondisi Wezinyuziyamu owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke.
Kamuva sajoyina “I-Long Night of the Museum,” eyaheha abantu abaningi bendawo nezivakashi ngokungenwa mahhala emnyuziyamu, iziphuzo, nomculo ovela kujokhi wediski waseGibhithe. UGreco wayefuna ukukhombisa i-Museo Egizio kubantu ngokuvamile abangalokothi baye emnyuziyamu kanye nemindeni engakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Ngakho,
lapho sihlezi siphuza ama-cocktail, samangala ukubona abantu abaningi kangaka beza, bonke begqoke kahle futhi bejabule, nemindeni eminingi iqonde ngqo emnyuziyamu. Kudingeka imibono emisha ukukhulisa ithrafikhi eya endaweni yomnyuziyamu, futhi enye yayo bekuwukunikeza isaphulelo ekungeneni emhlabeni okhuluma isi-Arabhu.
Kepha ngemuva kokusondela kweminyaka eyi-bicentennial ngo-2024, iGreco ibhekene necala.
Usopolitiki wasendaweni ohlaselayo nguChristian Greco, uMqondisi Wemnyuziyamu waseGibhithe eTurin, ezingeni lezepolitiki, kulokhu oqhamuka kwiphiko lePhini likaNobhala weqembu, u-Andrea Crippa, oxoxwe yi-“Affari Italiani.” Inhloso yombango futhi ukuthi isu lokumaketha likhuthaze izaphulelo "kumaSulumane."
Icala lika-2018
Eqinisweni, isaphulelo besingesamazwe ase-Arab futhi sixhunywe kumsuka womnyuziyamu ngokwawo, ngoba yonke imibukiso ivela ezweni elikhuluma isi-Arabhu. Kumqondisi, bekumane “kuyisenzo sengxoxo” phakathi kwamaphromoshini amaningi avame ukwenziwa.
Kodwa manje ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, uCrippa walandisa, “IGreco yanquma isaphulelo sezakhamuzi ezingamaMuslim kuphela.”
UCrippa waqhubeka: “UmGreki ongumKristu, oye waphatha uMnyuziyamu waseTurin waseGibhithe ngendlela engokwengqondo neyobandlululo ngokumelene namaNtaliyane nezakhamuzi ezingamaKristu, kumelwe axoshwe ngokushesha, ngakho kungcono uma enza isenzo sokubonisa isithunzi futhi ahambe.”
Athini Ama-Arabhu?
IGibhithe ingumama wethu isiko. Lesi senzo sihle futhi sikhuthaza umhlaba wama-Arab ukuthi uze e-Torino futhi usebenzise imali. Ngokuqinisekile izoletha izivakashi eziningi ezingama-Arabhu eTurin kanye nabafundi abangama-Arabhu abavakashelayo. Kuyisenzo esihle kakhulu. Bese futhi, iTurin iqhele ngemizuzu engama-50 kuphela (esitimela) ukusuka eMilan - indawo eyintandokazi yesifunda saseGulf nangale kwayo.
Kubonakala kuwumdlalo wamahlaya, kodwa okuwukuphela kwenhlangano enegunya lokuhoxisa noma ukuqinisekisa ukwethenjwa koMqondisi Ibhodi Lemnyuziyamu yase-Egypt, futhi izazi zase-Egypt eziholayo zase-Italy azivumi.
Isaphulelo kuma-Arabhu siyisinxephezelo esifanele. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka sintshontsha amasiko.
Mayelana nale mpikiswano, uGreco uthole ubumbano lweBhodi Labaqondisi le-Egypt Museum of Antiquities Foundation yaseTurin, “elizwakalisa ngazwilinye, ngokuqiniseka okuphelele, ukwazisa kwalo ngomsebenzi omuhle owenziwe kusukela ngo-2014 nguMqondisi walo uChristian Greco.”
“Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe,” ifundeka kanjalo inothi, “umnyuziyamu wethu usube sezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke, unemisebenzi emi-2 emikhulu yokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, ukusebenzisana okungaphezu kuka-90 namanyuvesi ahamba phambili emhlabeni nezikhungo zamamnyuziyamu, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu, ezemvelo. kanye nokusimama kwezezimali, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokufakwa kanye nemiphumela ebalulekile yezomnotho endaweni yedolobha nangale kwayo. Sikhumbula ukuthi, ngokweSigaba 9 somthetho wethu, ukuqokwa nokuxoshwa komqondisi kuwumthwalo wemfanelo weBhodi Yabaqondisi kuphela, sivuselela ukuthembela kwethu okuphelele kuChristian Greco kanye nokubonga kwethu okusuka enhliziyweni ngomsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo.”
Incwadi evulekile ihambisana cishe nabo bonke abantu abanolwazi lwe-Egyptology e-Italy. Futhi, ngakho-ke, yilabo, ngaphezu kwabanye, abanamathuluzi nobungcweti bokwenza ukwahlulela okuqondile kuChristian Greco. Izifundo zesayensi ezijulile, ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke ziku-inthanethi: vele uthintane ne-Google Scholar noma i-ORCID bese uqhathanisa amaqiniso, hhayi ukuxoxa. Amakhono nemiphumela kufana nezibalo - akuwona umbono.
Engxoxweni nabezindaba base-Italy, uChristian Greco uthe:
“Angiyenzi ipolitiki. Ngizinikela kwabadala hhayi abaphila ngesikhathi. Ngiyi-Egyptologist, futhi ngizohlala ngiyedwa ngisho noma kufanele ngiyokhonza ama-cappuccino endaweni yokucima ukoma ePorta Nuova.”
Lena yindlela uMqondisi Wemnyuziyamu waseGibhithe u-Christian Greco aphendula ngayo lapho ebuzwa ngamazwi ekhansela lesifunda saseFratelli d'Italia Maurizio Marrone, okholelwa ukuthi i-Greco akufanele iqinisekiswe esikhundleni somnyuziyamu.
“Ngingathanda ukuthi iqembu lami likhulume. Namuhla, sineqembu labantu abangu-70 (lapho uGreco eqala wayenabantu abangu-20). Sisebenzela i-bicentennial. Siqhubekela phambili, i-Egyptian Museum iqhubekela phambili. Abaqondisi bayadlula, umnyuziyamu uhlala lapha iminyaka engu-200. " UGreco wagcizelela:
UMqondisi angaba wusizo, kodwa akabalulekile, isikhungo siya phambili.”
“Njengoba nginalesi sibopho esimangalisayo, ngihlale ngiziphoqa ukuthi noma yini incane uma iqhathaniswa nempilo yezinto zethu. Lezi zinto zinesilinganiso sokuphila kweminyaka eyi-3,500. Ufuna basabe umqondisi?" waphetha.
Ukusekelwa kuvela kusazi sefilosofi uLuciano Canfora, uyabhala:
“Isaphulelo kuma-Arab siyisinxephezelo esifanele. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka sintshontsha izimpahla zamasiko. Ukuhlaselwa kweGreco kuwuphawu lokuwohloka kobuhlakani kanye nokuwohloka komphakathi.
“Bengilokhu ngilandela ukuhlaselwa kukaMqondisi we-Egyptian Museum emaphephandabeni ahlukahlukene futhi okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ku-'Stampa' esizinze eTurin - uphawu olubi lokuwohloka kobuhlakani kanye nokuwohloka komphakathi esikhathini sethu esingajabulisi neze.
“Akukona okwami ukuphinda okusobala ukuthi iChristian Greco iphakathi kwezazi zase-Egypt ezihamba phambili esikalini samaplanethi. Esikhundleni salokho, nginomuzwa wokuthi kufanele ngengeze ukucabangela engicabanga ukuthi kuzosiza ukuqeda ukungezwani okwakhiwa ngale ndaba. Angikuthathi inkululeko yokuhumusha imicabango yoMqondisi we-Egypt Museum, kodwa isinyathelo esihlanjalazwayo sibonakala sisihle kakhulu kimi. Kwanele ukucabanga ukuthi amagugu amaningi eminyuziyamu yethu yezinto zakudala avela emazweni lapho lawo magugu athathwe khona.
“Ake ngenze isibonelo esidumile. Inxusa laseBrithani embusweni wase-Ottoman, u-Lord Elgin, wakwazi ukuphanga amamabula e-Parthenon, ekhuthazwa ukuba enze kanjalo yi-sultan, ngoba iNgilandi yayisize ngokubhuqa umbuso wama-Ottoman ngokumelene noBonaparte, owayengujenene waseRiphabhulikhi yaseFrance, okwakuwuhlelo lwakhe lokuthatha. IGreece kude nombuso waseTurkey. I-England ekhululekile nephucuzekile yancamela ukuvimbela lo mklamo okhululayo, ithola imbuyiselo yempahla yamasiko ezoboniswa kumamnyuziyamu ayo. Lezi zindaba akufanele neze zikhohlwe. EGibhithe, ukuthathwa ngokunganaki kwamagugu amasiko amaningi kwathatha amakhulu eminyaka. Ukubuyisela ubuhlobo obuphucuzekile nobunokuthula kuyindlela enhle ‘yesinxephezelo,’” kuphetha uCanfora.”
Ngakho-ke ake sibone ukuthi lo mbango wamandla ezombusazwe ngokumelene noFaro kanye noMqondisi uGreco uzosebenza kanjani.
Ngo-2024 imnyuziyamu yaseGibhithe eTurin igubha iminyaka yayo engama-200, futhi iTurin ingajabula kuphela ukuba nenye yezazi zaseGibhithe ezihamba phambili kule planethi ephethe i-Museo Egizio.
