Izintengo zikawoyela eziqopha umlando zisongela ukucekela phansi izigidi zabahambi asebejwayele ukundiza ukuze bajabulele ibhizinisi phakathi neminyaka engu-30 edlule.
Ukuhamba ngezindiza e-USA kukhule ngesivinini esiphindwe kahlanu kunesibalo sabantu kusukela ngo-1978, lapho ukususwa komthetho kuqala kwavumela izinkampani zezindiza ukuthi ziqhudelane ngokuzibekela amanani azo kanye nemizila ngaphandle kwemvume kahulumeni. Ngonyaka odlule, abagibeli abayizigidi ezingu-769 bagibela izindiza zezindiza zaseMelika.
Kodwa njengoba amanani entengo kaphethiloli wendiza engakaze abonwe namuhla, abaphathi bezindiza nabahlaziyi bezindiza baxwayisa ngokuthi ukunyuka ngokweqile kuphela kanye nokuncipha okukhulu kwezindiza okuzokwenza imboni ikwazi ukukhokhela isikweletu sikaphethiloli wejethi ka-2008 amaphrojekthi weqembu lezindiza azoba phezulu ngo-44% kunangonyaka odlule. .
Ngalesi sikhathi ngonyaka ozayo, kungase kube nezihlalo ezimbalwa ezifika ku-20% ezitholakalayo uma abathwali bephendula amanani kawoyela ngaphezu kuka-$100 umphongolo ngokunciphisa izindiza eziningi njengoba abahlaziyi bezokuphepha abafana no-Jamie Baker we-JPMorgan bephakamisa.
Lokho kuzofana nokuvala inkampani ethwala impahla elingana ne-American Airlines, (AMR) enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yona, nabathwali bayo besifunda, isebenzisa izindiza ezingu-4,000 nsuku zonke. Lokho kukodwa kungakhuphula kakhulu isidingo namanani amathikithi endiza.
Kuzoba nezindiza ezimbalwa zansuku zonke emadolobheni abo bonke osayizi, izindiza ezigcwele usuku lonke kanye nokuphazamiseka okwengeziwe. Kuzoba nezindiza ezimbalwa ezingami kanye nokumiswa okude phakathi kwezindiza ezixhumayo. Futhi abahambi asebenesikhathi eside begwema izindiza ngo-6 am noma 10pm bangase bangabi nazo ezinye izinketho.
Lezo zinhlobo zezinguquko emikhubeni yokuhamba yabantu baseMelika zingagwemeka: Ukweqa okungajwayelekile kwentengo kaphethiloli kuqhutshwa yisidingo esikhulayo somnotho okhula ngokushesha waseChina naseNdiya, ukungazinzi eVenezuela enothe ngowoyela, eNigeria, e-Iraq nase-Iran, ukuqagela kwabatshalizimali. nezinye izici.
“Awukwazi ukukubukela phansi ukukhuphuka kwentengo kaphethiloli nokuthi ishintsha kanjani imboni,” kusho isikhulu seDelta Air Lines (DAL) uRichard Anderson, olinganisela ukuthi amanani amathikithi kuzomele anyuke ngo-15% aye ku-20% ukuze nje ukhokhe izindleko zikaphethiloli. .
Abathengi sebevele bathola amazwibela ekusasa elibiza kakhulu lokuhamba.
Iwebhusayithi iTravelocity ibika ukuthi amanani okugibela kuleli hlobo aya ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalombili ezidumile - okuhlanganisa iBoston, New York, Chicago, South Florida, Denver kanye neLos Angeles - akhuphuke okungenani ngo-18% kusukela ehlobo eledlule.
Umndeni wabane ubuzokhokhela iDelta Air Lines cishe u-$2,500 ukuze indize isuka eCincinnati iye e-Los Angeles kuleli hlobo uma bethenge amathikithi manje. Uma amanani amathikithi enyuka omunye u-20%, njengoba u-Anderson ephakamisa ukuthi kudingeka, lowo mndeni uzokhokha cishe u-$3,000.
"Abanye abahambi bezokungcebeleka bazokhokhiswa" izindiza, kusho u-Tom Parsons, oyi-CEO yewebhusayithi yezokuvakasha i-BestFares.com.
Emindenini eminingi, ukuvakasha ngendiza obekufinyeleleke kuyo ngokwezimali kungase kube ukunethezeka okungathengeki, kusho uParsons nabanye ochwepheshe bezokuvakasha.
Kosomabhizinisi namabhizinisi amancane, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuhamba kungabavimbela ekwenzeni izingcingo zokuthengisa ezikude ukuze bakhulise ibhizinisi labo.
Izimakethe ezincane zisongelwa
Amadolobha amancane naphakathi nendawo manje asetshenziswa kakhulu noma aphelele ngamajethi esifunda anezihlalo ezingu-50 angase agcine enezindiza ezimbalwa kakhulu usuku ngalunye, ngoba ngamanani kaphethiloli anamuhla, ngisho namajethi amancane alayishwe ngokugcwele awalethi imali eyanele yokuthethelela inani elifanayo lezindiza. .
Amadolobha amancane anezindiza ezimbalwa ngosuku angaba nesikhathi esinzima ukuzithuthukisa njengezindawo ezinhle zemihlangano emikhulu, izimboni ezintsha noma amahhovisi ezinkampani.
“Imiphakathi ngeke ilahlekelwe yinkonzo yezindiza ngokuphelele, kodwa izolahlekelwa ukufinyelela endizeni yezindiza, ngoba izobiza kakhulu,” kusho umxhumanisi wezindiza uMichael Boyd.
Umthelela omubi wemali yokugibela namazinga ezimpahla zomoya ungase uthinte yonke ingxenye yezomnotho encike ekusezweni emoyeni.
Izindawo zokungcebeleka, amahhotela, imizila yokuhamba ngomkhumbi nezindawo zomhlangano zingase zibe sengozini. Ezokuvakasha, ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni ezifana neFlorida, Nevada kanye neHawaii ezincike kakhulu kukho, zingase zibe nemiphumela emihle, zilimaze umnotho wezwe futhi ziphoqe ukusikeka ezinsizeni zikahulumeni.
Izintengo eziphakeme zikaphethiloli wendiza zisize ukuthi kuhlanganiswe isivumelwano sango-Ephreli 14 phakathi kwezindiza zeDelta neNorthwest (NWA), umshado wazo ozokhiqiza inkampani enkulu emhlabeni.
I-Delta kanye neNyakatho-ntshonalanga bathembise ukuthi ngeke bavale noma yiziphi izindawo zabo zezindiza eziyisikhombisa uma abalawuli benhlangano begunyaza isivumelwano sabo, kodwa bobabili sebevele banciphisa izindiza ezingenanzuzo. Ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe kungenzeka - I-United ne-US Airways basezingxoxweni - kuthrendi enganciphisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani zenethiwekhi.
"Amaphethini okuhamba azoshintsha," kubikezela i-CEO yaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga u-Doug Steenland.
Abahambi cishe bazoqala ukubona izinguquko ezinkulu kulokhu kuwa njengoba izindiza ezinkulu zehlisa isevisi ngamandla ngokulahla imizila, ukushintsha izindiza ezincane kanye nokunciphisa inani lezindiza zansuku zonke emzileni.
Umgomo wezinkampani zezindiza: Khuphula inani lentengo elimaphakathi elikhokhelwe esihlalweni ngasinye esisele ukuze kutholwe imali engenayo ephezulu ilitha ngalinye likaphethiloli elishisiwe.
I-Delta, okuyinkampani yesithathu ngobukhulu e-USA, izosusa amajethi anosayizi ogcwele afika kwangu-20 kanye namajethi esifunda amancane afika kwangu-70 kulo nyaka. Iphuma emadolobheni amaningana, okuhlanganisa: Idolobha lase-Atlantic; e-Islip, eLong Island; Tupelo, Nkosazana.; kanye neCorpus Christi, eTexas.
Kule nyanga, iJetBlue (JBLU) izomisa isevisi phakathi kweNew York neTucson.
Izindiza zamanje zalowo mzila - eyodwa ngosuku ukuya nokubuya - ngokuvamile zigcwala ngo-70%. Kodwa-ke, ezindlekweni zamanje namanani kaphethiloli, izindiza zidinga ukugcwala ngo-85% ukuze i-JetBlue iphule ngisho nakuzo, ngokusho kwedatha yendiza.
I-United Airlines ezinze e-Chicago, (UAUA) okuyinkampani yezindiza yesibili ngobukhulu ezweni, izokhipha umhlalaphansi okungenani amajethi ayo amadala angama-30, angawongi kancane uphethiloli kulo nyaka.
I-United ilahlekelwe ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-537 ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukulahlekelwa kwayo okukhulu kakhulu kusukela yavela ekuhlelweni kabusha kokuqothuka ngo-2006.
I-American, Continental (CAL) kanye neNyakatho-ntshonalanga bahlela ukusikeka okuncane. Kodwa-ke, abanye abaholi bezimboni nabahlaziyi bathi akukho nokukodwa kokuncishiswa okumenyezelwe okujula ngokwanele. Abanye babikezela ukusikeka okwengeziwe kuyeza.
"Ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi uma amanani kawoyela ehlala esezingeni elifanayo ... uzobona ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla," kusho isikhulu se-AirTran (AAI) u-Bob Fornaro ngeledlule.
Ukwenyuka okwengeziwe kwemali yokugibela kulindeleke
Izinkampani zezindiza zikhuphule amanani izikhathi eziyi-10 kusukela maphakathi noZibandlela, kanti abaningi bakhomba ukwenyuka kwe-11 kuleli sonto. Ukweqa okwengeziwe kwamanani amathikithi kulindeleke ukuthi kulandele kabanzi.
U-Parsons uthi abahambi emigwaqweni emide engaphezu kwamamayela angaphezu kuka-1,500 sebevele bakhokha imali efika ku-$260 ngaphezulu ngethikithi lokuya nokubuya kunalokho ababekwenza ezinyangeni ezine ezedlule. Ukwenyuka kweminye imizila kuphezulu kakhulu.
Umxhumanisi uRichard Leck, umsunguli weBruin Consulting e-Bedford, NH, undizela cishe isonto ngalinye esuka eBoston noma eManchester, NH, edlula eChicago eya eSan Francisco, lapho iklayenti lakhe lizinze khona.
Kusukela ngekwindla edlule, imali yakhe yendiza yeqe isuka ku-$800 ohambweni olubuyayo iye ku-$1,500. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-United imise isevisi esuka e-Chicago iya e-Oakland, okwakushibhile ukundizela kuyo kune-San Francisco International. I-United iphinde yashintshela kumajethi amancane eManchester; izihlalo zidayisa ngokushesha.
Ngesonto eledlule, ithikithi lakhe lendiza engami esuka eBoston eya eSan Francisco libize u-$2,400 uhambo lokuya nokubuya, ngenxa yokuthi washintsha ithikithi lakhe lokuqala, wafaka izindleko ezengeziwe.
Uthi: “Ngamangala. “Wonke umuntu unemikhawulo yakhe, abantu ngabanye namakhasimende ezinkampani.”
UCWANINGO lwase-USA TODAY/Gallup ngo-Ephreli lwathola ukuthi u-45% wabahambi ngendiza angahle abe mancane amathuba okuthi bandize kuleli hlobo uma imali yokugibela iphezulu.
Iqhutshwa ukwenyuka kwemali yokugibela, imali engenayo yabathwali baseMelika ikhuphuke cishe ngo-10% ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, okuwukugxuma okunempilo ezikhathini ezijwayelekile. Kodwa yonke inkampani enkulu yase-US ngaphandle kwe-Southwest Airlines (LUV) ithumele ukulahlekelwa ngekota. Izindleko zikaphethiloli zikhuphuke ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Abanye abathwali abanawo umcamelo wezezimali wokumelana nezingcindezi zezindleko. Amanani kaphethiloli aphoqelele abathwali abancane abayisikhombisa baseMelika ukuthi bavale kusukela ngoKhisimusi. I-Frontier Airlines yaphoqeleka ukuthi ifune ukuvikelwa kwenkantolo yokuqothuka kweSahluko 11 ngo-Ephreli 11.
Ngisho neNingizimu-ntshonalanga, ebike iminyaka engu-17 yenzuzo engaphazamiseki yekota, ilahlekelwe yimali ngokundiza ngekota yokugcina.
Ibike inzuzo yamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-34 kuphela ngenxa yohlelo lwayo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokubiyela uphethiloli. Ngokuhwebelana okunamandla ezinkontilekeni zekusasa likawoyela, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga yakwazi ukukhipha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-302 kulokho ebingakukhokhela ukube ithenge wonke uphethiloli wayo ngamanani emakethe amanje.
Izikhulu zenkampani yenethiwekhi ziyavuma ukuthi azikwazi ukudlala lowo mdlalo ogcwele ubungozi unomphela.
Ngemva kokubamba ulayini ophikisana nokukhuphuka kwemali yokugibela phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga inyuse amanani okugibela kabili phakathi namasonto amabili okuqala ka-April.
“Iqiniso liwukuthi ayikho inkampani yezindiza yase-US enemodeli yebhizinisi esimeme uma amanani kawoyela angu-$117 emgqonyeni ekhuthazela,” kusho u-Dave Emerson, inhloko yomkhakha wezokubonisana wezindiza zomhlaba wonke we-Bain & Co.
Izinhlelo zokunweba zivinjiwe
INingizimu-ntshonalanga, ebilokhu ikhula ngamandla ezikhumulweni zezindiza zase-US iminyaka engama-35, ngeke ikhule engxenyeni yesibili yalo nyaka.
Ngeke futhi ibe nesaphulelo esisekelwe e-Orlando, i-AirTran, ebilokhu ikhula ngamadijithi amabili wonyaka kusukela ngo-2002.
Ukunciphisa ibhizinisi elingase libe khona akuyona into ekhethwa yizinkampani zezindiza kalula. Kuyinto eyodwa ukuthengisa inqwaba yezindiza. Ukuphuma edolobheni kusho nokuvala izibali zamathikithi namasango, nokudiliza noma ukuthutha abasebenzi.
“Uma usuthathe lezo zinqumo zokususa lezo zinto, awukwazi ukuzibuyisa kalula noma ngokushesha,” kusho u-Emerson.
Zinjalo izinqumo ezinzima ezenziwa yizinkampani zezindiza kulo nyaka, kuyilapho zisenezigidigidi zamarandi esandleni.
Ngo-2009, uma inani likaphethiloli wendiza lingehli futhi izinkampani zezindiza zingakwazi ukunyusa amanani ngokwanele, ngisho nabathwali abanama-akhawunti amakhulu asebhange bangaqala ukuntula ukheshi futhi bakuthole kunzima ukuboleka.
"Kuzoba nokunye ukwehluleka kwezindiza kule ndawo, futhi kungase kube ukuqedwa," kusho iSikhulu Sezezimali seDelta u-Edward Bastian.
U-JPMorgan's Baker ufanisa umthelela wezezimali ongaba khona wokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kaphethiloli wendiza kanye nenkinga yezomnotho yezindiza ezibe nazo ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, 2001.
Izigidi zabagibeli, ngenxa yokwesaba, ziyeka ukuhamba ngendiza, zafaka imboni ekuweni kwamahhala kwezezimali. Uhulumeni waqinisa ezokuphepha zezindiza nezindiza, abagibeli bagcina bebuyile.
Kodwa inkinga yanamuhla yentengo kaphethiloli isongela ngokuba yinkinga ehlala njalo nenzima kakhulu.
Azikho izilungiso ezilula zokweqa kwamanani okungakaze kubonwe, okukhuphuke ngo-60% ngo-April ngo-April 2007.
Abahlaziyi bemboni kawoyela bathi kungase kuthathe iminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi kutholwe uwoyela omusha, kwakhiwe izindawo zokuhluzwa ezintsha noma ezinye izindlela zikaphethiloli osuselwe ku-petroleum zithuthukiswe futhi zikhiqizwe ngamanani anele ukuze ziphethile izindiza, ezethula izindiza ezingama-30,000 ngosuku. Ijethi enomzimba obanzi idla amalitha angu-30,000 noma ngaphezulu ekugcwaliseni ngakunye.
Usozigidi kawoyela waseTexas u-T. Boone Pickens, owayecabanga ukuthi amanani kawoyela ngonyaka odlule azoshabalala, usebuyisele emuva inkambo. I-BP Capital Management, isikhwama sothango esigxile kumandla kaPickens, sitshala imali ngokusekelwe enkolelweni yakhe yokuthi amanani azokhuphukela ku-$125 umgqomo maduzane, bese edlulela ku-$150.
Kuleli sonto, inhloko ye-OPEC, ungqongqoshe kawoyela wase-Algeria, u-Chakib Khelil, utshele abezindaba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uwoyela uzofinyelela ku-$200 emgqonyeni futhi akukho lutho olungenziwa yinkampani ukukuvimba.
Uthe amandla ngaphandle kwenani likawoyela ongahluziwe adonswa phansi anyusa amanani.
Amanani kawoyela avale ngo-$113.46 umgqomo ngoLwesithathu ngemuva kokukhuphuka ngaphansi kuka-$120 ngoMsombuluko.
Ngisho noma bengase behle ngo-30% okungenzeka ukuthi, amanani ajwayelekile azohlala ephezulu ngokomlando. Futhi mancane amathuba okuthi angawa kakhulu, ngenxa yesidingo esingapheli esivela eChina, eNdiya nakweminye iminotho ekhula ngokushesha.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, “Ukuhamba ngendiza bekungenye yezivumelwano ezimangalisayo kubathengi base-US,” kusho uTom Horton, isikhulu sezezimali se-American Airlines.
“Manje sisemhlabeni lapho izindleko zendiza kuzodingeka zibonise izindleko zomkhiqizo.”
usatoday.com
