NgoMeyi 15, 2019, kwavulwa ihhotela elisha elihle le-TWA laseNew York e-John F. Kennedy International Airport. Ngezindleko ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-250 zamaRandi, amaphiko amasha amabili ehhotela anamagumbi ezivakashi angu-512 kwakhiwa ngemuva kwesikhungo esiyingqopha-mlando se-Trans World Airlines Flight Center esaklanywa umakhi wodumo, u-Eero Saarinen esavulwa okokuqala ngo-1962.

USaarinen wazalwa ngo-1910 eFinland futhi wathuthela e-United States ngo-1923. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi noyise - umdwebi wezakhiwo we-Art Deco u-Eliel Saarinen - futhi waba ngomunye wabadwebi bezakhiwo ababaluleke kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20. . Esebenza ikakhulukazi e-US, wakha izakhiwo eziningi ezihluke kakhulu:

I-Kleinhaus Music Hall e-Buffalo, NY (1940), Lesi sakhiwo sasiwukubambisana kukababa nendodana.
I-Cummins Inc. I-Irwin Conference Centre, e-Columbus, e-Indiana (1954)
I-MIT Chapel, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1955)
Isikhungo sezobuchwepheshe, iWarren, Michigan (1956)
Miller House and Garden, Columbus, Indiana (1957)
Milwaukee County War Memorial Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1957)
S. Embassy, London, England (1960)
I-Washington Dulles International Airport, Dulles, Virginia (1962)
I-CBS Building, eNew York, NY (1965)
I-Gateway Arch, St. Louis, Missouri (1965)

Itheminali ye-TWA Flight Center yayingomunye wamaphrojekthi amaningi e-Saarinen aqedwa ngemva kokushona kwakhe ngo-1961. Le opus magnum ekhaliphile yathatha isimo senyoni enkulu ehlanganisa umuzwa wenganekwane kanye nenganekwane yesayensi.

Ngo-1994, indawo yokugcina i-TWA yamenyezelwa njengengqophamlando yedolobha yi-New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission eyavimbela ukubhidlizwa kwaso. Ngo-2005, iNational Park Service yayifaka ohlwini lweRejista Kazwelonke Yezindawo Zomlando.

Ngaphezu kwamagumbi ezivakashi angu-512 lezi zakhiwo ezimbili ezintsha zinendawo yokuhlangana engu-50,000, izindawo zokudlela eziyisithupha, imnyuziyamu yomlando wezokundiza, ichibi le-infinity eliphezu kophahla, indawo yokubuka, isikhungo sokufaneleka esingu-10,000 square foot kanye nendiza yendiza i-Lockheed Constellation L-1649A eshintshiwe. endaweni yokuphumula ye-cocktail. Kunezindawo zokupaka ezingu-4,000 kanye ne-Air Train eya kwezinye izikhumulo ze-JFK.

Abahambi abadlula ku-JFK bangakhetha ukubuka umzila wezindiza noma uphawu lwendawo lwase-Saarinen. Iwebhusayithi yehhotela ithembisa ukuthi amagumbi “athule kakhulu” ngenxa yezindonga zengilazi eziwugqinsi. Kodwa akubizi lutho ukungena futhi ujabulele ingaphakathi elimangalisayo letheminali eyinhloko, manje eseyindawo yokwamukela izivakashi yehhotela.

Ezinye izinsiza zifaka izitolo ze-Shinola ne-Warby Parker, indawo ye-Intelligentsia Coffee, kanye nendawo yokudlela yompheki uJean-Georges Vongerichten.

Ihhotela ligcwele ifenisha yenkathi eklanywe u-Warren Platner, u-Isamu Noguchi, noRaymond Loewy kanye no-Saarinen. Ithimba labalungisayo lagxila kakhulu emininingwaneni yedizayini kangangokuba laqasha ifemu edizayina izithombe i-Pentagram ukuthi yenze uhlobo olusha lwangokwezifiso lwehhotela, olusekelwe ekubhaleni u-Saarinen ekuqaleni ayelusebenzise kutheminali. Iningi lemininingwane yasekuqaleni ye-TWA Flight Center, njengamathayili e-ceramic floor kanye namaphaneli wamafasitela anomumo ohlukahlukene angu-486 athathelwe indawo yizifaniso zangempela. Le mininingwane ihloselwe ukunikeza ihhotela i-vibe yenkathi yawo-1960 kanye nezibani zethusi, impahla ye-walnut kanye namafoni ajikelezayo. Ibhodi elikhulu lokusuka, i-split-flap display eyenziwe e-Italy yiNkampani ye-Solari ebilokhu iyingxenye yesakhiwo kusukela kwavulwa i-Flight Center ngo-1962, yabuyiselwa ngokugcwele njengengxenye yephrojekthi yehhotela.

Iphrojekthi yamanje iwubudlelwane phakathi komphakathi nezizimele phakathi kwe-MCR ne-Morse Development, i-Jet Blue kanye ne-Port Authority yaseNew York naseNew Jersey. Yayixhaswe ngasese ngaphandle koxhaso lukahulumeni. Ukwakhiwa kabusha, okuqondiswa i-Beyer Blinder Belle Architects & Planners, akuzange nje kuguqule itheminali yomlando ibe indawo yokwamukela izivakashi ehhotela kodwa kwengeze amaphiko amabili (okuklanywe i-Lubrano Ciavarra Architects yase-Brooklyn) emagumbini ezivakashi ale ndawo kanye nesikhungo semicimbi engamamitha-skwele angu-50,000. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu somklamo wamaphrojekthi, kusho u-Ciavarra, ukuhlonipha ukwakheka kwesakhiwo seSaarinen njengoba izingxenye zekhulunyaka lama-21 zengezwa. “Izivakashi nezihambeli ehhotela zizokwazi ukujabulela ulwazi lwesakhiwo saseSaarinen njengoba saklanywa ekuqaleni bese sihamba ngamashubhu endiza siye ezakhiweni zethu ezintsha zamahhotela.”

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, yisiphathimandla nomxhumanisi ohlonishwayo embonini yehhotela. Usebenzisa ihhotela lakhe, ukungenisa izihambi kanye nemikhuba yokubonisana egxile ekuphathweni kwempahla, ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku kokusebenza nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokukhushulwa kwamahhotela nezabelo zokuxhaswa kwamacala. Amakhasimende angabanikazi bamahhotela, abatshalizimali, nezikhungo ezibolekisa ngemali.

“Abakhi Bamahhotela Abakhulu BaseMelika”

Incwadi yami yesishiyagalombili yomlando wehhotela inezakhiwo eziyishumi nambili ezakha amahhotela angama-94 kusuka ngo-1878 kuya ku-1948: iWarren & Wetmore, iSchultze & Weaver, uJulia Morgan, u-Emery Roth, uMcKim, uMead & White, uHenry J. Hardenbergh, uCarrere & Hastings, uMulliken noMoeller, UMary Elizabeth Jane Colter, iTrowbridge & Livingston, uGeorge B. Post kanye namadodana.

Ezinye Izincwadi Ezishicilelwe: