Iwayini Nemimoya: Injini Yezomnotho
Uma wenza kanjalo - kufanele ngabe ubuchitha izinsuku ezimbalwa e-Vinexpo/Drinks America (Javits, NYC). Uma uphuthelwe yilo mcimbi, vele ubeke ohlwini lwakho lwezinto ozozenza ngo-2024.
Angingedwa oshayele ihlombe lolu hlelo oluhlaba umxhwele. Ngikwazile ukuqhabula indlela yami amawayini/imimoya eyethulwa abakhangisi abangaphezu kuka-440, abamele amazwe angu-32 futhi athathwa njengombukiso omkhulu kunawo wonke webhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi endaweni yonke, onikezelwe ochwepheshe bewayini/imimoya eNyakatho Melika. Uma uthenga, uthengisa, ubhala, ubuyekeza, noma uphuza - lokhu kufanele kwengezwe ohlwini lwezinto okufanele zenziwe.
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yotshwala/isiphuzo ilinganiselwa ku- $560.04 billion (2022). Izinga lokukhula kwale makethe kulindeleke ukuthi libe ngamaphesenti angama-9.4 ngenani elilinganiselwa ku- $ 802.02 billion ngo-2026. Kusukela ngo-2022, imali engenayo engxenyeni yesiphuzo esidakayo e-US yafinyelela ku- $ 261.1 billion ngokukhula okulindelwe (kusuka ku-2022-2025) ka-10.51 amaphesenti ngonyaka.
Lolu chungechunge olunezingxenye ezimbili luhlanganisa:
Ingxenye 1. Imimoya Igqugquzela Umnotho
Umkhuba wotshwala ngo-2023 uphakamisa ukuthi abathengi bathanda ubhiya ngoba befuna "izenzakalo" ezitholakala ngama-cocktails amasha. Amabhrendi aphumelele azobhalansisa okuthile okusha nokumangalisayo ngaphandle kokudlula onqenqemeni…abathengi bafuna kokubili okujwayelekile nokuhlukile.
Ingxenye 2. Ukubaluleka Kwewayini? Win/Wina
Ukubuyekezwa kwemboni yewayini kanye nendlela izibalo zabantu ezintsha kanye nengqondo yomthengi iphusha umkhakha ukuthi uguqule zonke izici zebhizinisi, kusukela phansi kuye phezulu kuye kumthengi.
Imimoya Ifukula Umnotho
Ukuphuza Kwethu Kwenza Izikhulu Ezizimele Zijabule
Abantu bayaphuza - ekhaya, ezindaweni zokucima ukoma, ezindaweni zokudlela, ogwini lolwandle, ngemva kokushushuluza eqhweni nokubhukuda, ngemva kokuhlolwa, ngaphambi kosuku, phakathi nosuku, nangemuva kosuku...kuhlale kunesenzakalo nethuba lokuba thela isiphuzo.
Ukukhula kwemimoya kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyi-13 edlule futhi, ngemva kweminyaka yokwanda okuqinile, imimoya idlile ubhiya nakuba ubhiya usaqhubeka nokubamba amaphesenti angu-41.9 emakethe. Ukuthengiswa kwabahlinzeki be-Spirit e-US kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-5.1 ngo-2022 kwafinyelela kurekhodi elirekhodiwe lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-37.6 okuhlanganisa namacala afinyelela ku-305-million-litre. Iningi lokwenyuka kwemakethe liqhamuke ekuthengisweni kwemimoya esezingeni eliphezulu kanye neye-super-premium eholwa yi-tequila ne-American whiskey lapho abathengi bencamela ukuqhabula kangcono, hhayi ngaphezulu.
I-Vodka ikhiqize imali eningi kakhulu kuma- $ 7.2 billion yize ukuthengisa ngo-2022 bekuyisicaba. Ukuthengiswa kwe-tequila/mezcal kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-17.2 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-886) okulinganiselwa ku-$6 billion. Ukuthengiswa kwe-whisky yaseMelika kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-10.5 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-483) ukuze kufinyelele ku-$5.1 billion. Isigaba se-whisky saseMelika sihlanganisa i-bourbon, i-Tennessee whiskey, ne-rye whiskey.
Ama-cocktail axutshiwe ahole njengesigaba somoya esikhula ngokushesha okuhlanganisa nama-cocktail axutshwe ngaphambili, kanye nemikhiqizo yeziphuzo ezidakayo eselungele ukuphuzwa inyuke ngamaphesenti angu-35.8 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-588) ukuze ifinyelele ku-$2.2billion.
Ukuthengiswa kwemimoya ezindaweni zokudlela kanye nemigoqo (ukuthengiswa kwezakhiwo) kuphinde kwalulama kulo bhubhane kodwa kwahlala ngamaphesenti ama-5 ngaphansi kwamazinga ka-2019. Ukuthengisa okuvela kulo mthombo kumelela amaphesenti angama-20 emakethe yase-US.
Inani lokuthengisa elingekho endaweni ezitolo zotshwala nakwezinye izitolo lihlala liqinile ngo-2021/2022 ngemuva kokuthola izinzuzo ezibukhali ngesikhathi semikhawulo yobhubhane ngo-2020.
Obani Abaphuzayo?
ICalifornia ihamba phambili ekuphuzweni kotshwala ngevolumu ngamalitha ayizigidi ezingama-85.7 adliwe ngo-2020 ngenkathi iTexas, Florida, New York, kanye ne-Illinois igcwalisa uhlu lwabahlanu abahamba phambili. Uma ukuphuza kungeyona ingxenye ye-DNA yakho - thuthela e-Wyoming, e-Alaska, naseSouth Dakota… kusho ukuthi kuphuza utshwala obuncane.
Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuphuza kuyanda, idatha ibonisa okuphambene. Ngo-2021, iGallup, Inc. ibike ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 abantu abadala baseMelika baphuze utshwala, ukwehla kusuka kumaphesenti angama-65 kubikwe ngo-2019. ngokwesilinganiso, iziphuzo ezingu-2019 esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyisikhombisa; nokho, ngo-18 leso isilinganiso sasiyiziphuzo ezingu-4.0.
Amadoda aphuza ngaphezu kwabesifazane (amaphesenti angu-64 uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-57) nabantu abaneminyaka engu-35-54 y/o abaphuza amaphesenti angu-70 azo zonke iziphuzo ezidakayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabancane (amaphesenti angu-60) kanye nabathengi abadala (amaphesenti angu-52). AbakwaGenZ (abazalwe ngo-1997 kuya ku-2013) bathi ababuthenganga utshwala ngoba bunomthelela omubi esimweni sabo, izinga lokuphaphama, kanye nesithombe senkundla yezokuxhumana (Numerator.com).
Inhlolovo ye-Gallup (2021-2022) inqume ukuthi amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18+ abahlala ezindlini ezihola isiphuzo esingu-$100,000+, elidlula kude amaphesenti angu-49 alabo abahola ngaphansi kuka-$40,000. Izinga phakathi kwabahola imali emaphakathi liwela cishe phakathi nendawo, ngamaphesenti angama-63.
Isiko libalulekile uma ukhuluma ngokuphuza njengabantu abadala abamhlophe 18+ (68%) maningi amathuba okuthi kunabaseSpanishi (59%) noma abantu abadala abamnyama (50%) babike ukuthi bayaphuza.
Lapho Abantu Beqala Ukuphuza
Khohlwa umthetho, isilinganiso seminyaka yesiphuzo sokuqala sabathengi e-USA silinganiselwa ku-14-15 y/o. Umuntu ojwayelekile uhlole utshwala okokuqala onyakeni wabo wokuqala noma wesibili esikoleni esiphakeme. Ekolishi, cishe wonke umuntu uye wazama utshwala okungenani, nakuba azi ukuthi akukho emthethweni.
Cishe oyedwa kwabangu-10 baseMelika (amaphesenti angu-12) bathi bake baba nesiphuzo sabo sokuqala sotshwala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-13 (YouGov Omnibus). Kungani intsha iphuza? Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi “izingane” ziyizame ngoba akukho emthethweni futhi zifuna ukwazi; ukwenqabela noma yini kwenza abantu bafune ukuyizama. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukucindezela kontanga kukhuthaza ukuphuza futhi, kuye ngokuthi iqembu lezenhlalo, kungase kube yinjwayelo. Ukwenqaba ukuphuza kungase kungabi yinketho uma “izingane” zifuna ukuhlala eqenjini.
Njengoba sikhula, siphuza kaningi nge-48% yabantu abaneminyaka engu-55+ ababika ukuphuza utshwala izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngesonto; U-14% uphuza izikhathi eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, siphuza kancane ngosuku lokuphuza olujwayelekile ngama-24% wabaphuzi abaneminyaka engu-55+ ababika ukuthi baphuza amayunithi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu ngosuku olujwayelekile lapho bephuza; Ama-52% aneyunithi eyodwa noma amabili. Abantu abadala asebekhulile mancane amathuba okuba bazitike ngotshwala: U-52% wabaphuzi abaneminyaka engu-55+ babike ukuthi abakaze babe namayunithi otshwala angaphezu kuka-6/8 ngesikhathi esisodwa onyakeni odlule.
Baphuzani?
Ngo-2022 amanzi asemabhodleleni abala cishe amaphesenti angama-25 okusetshenziswa kwesiphuzo e-US, okuwenza abe uhlobo lwesiphuzo olusetshenziswa kakhulu unyaka. Iziphuzo ebezincanyelwa kakhulu (2022) bekungamanzi ane-value neziphuzo zamandla.
Umoya we-American distilled owaziwa kakhulu yi-Bourbon. I-whisky esekelwe kummbila iye yakhiqizwa e-US kusukela ngekhulu le-18 futhi yaziwa yi-US Congress "njengomkhiqizo ohlukile wase-United States." Ngaphambi kweBourbon, i-Applejack yayibhekwa njengesiphuzo saseMelika sokuzikhethela. Kusukela ngekhulu le-17, abakhi bamakoloni baseMelika bafunda indlela yokwandisa amandla e-apula cider yabo eqinile eyenziwe ekhaya ngokuyivumela ukuba iqhwa ngaphandle bese behlukanisa uketshezi eqhweni; inqubo yayibizwa ngokuthi "jacking." I-“applejack” eyaba umphumela kwaba uhlobo lotshwala, uhlobo olungacolisisiwe futhi olumnandi lwe-calvado yesiFulentshi.
Ishadi ngezilokotho ze vinepair.com
Kufanele Uphuze Nini?
Abanye bathi akukho lutho olungcono kunokuphuza nsuku zonke futhi amaphesenti angu-29 amadoda namaphesenti angu-19 abesifazane okwaxoxwa nawo athi aphuza phakathi nosuku, isonto ngalinye; nokho, amadoda avame ukuphuza phakathi nosuku, okungenani kanye ngenyanga.
Inhlolovo ye-YouGov (2023) ithole ukuthi kubantu abadala base-US cishe oyedwa kwabayisithupha (amaphesenti angu-16) babheka emini njengesikhathi esamukelekayo sosuku sokuqala sokuphuza isiphuzo esidakayo ngosuku olungasebenzi; oyedwa kwabayi-10 (amaphesenti angu-10) ashiwo ngo-5 PM; oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili (amaphesenti angu-13) anquma ukuthi u-6 PM noma kamuva yisikhathi sokuqala esamukelekayo, nakuba amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye ethi kuhle ukubamba isiphuzo ngaphambi kuka-10 AM. Amadoda (amaphesenti angu-13) maningi amathuba okuthi aphuze kunabesifazane (amaphesenti angu-7) ngo-10 AM noma ngaphambi kwawo. Abantu abasha baseMelika (25-30) balungile ngokuphuza ekuseni ngaphambi kuka-10 AM (amaphesenti angu-17).
Lapho Ukuphuza
Amadoda ajwayele ukuphuza kakhulu emini olwandle nasezindaweni zekhonsathi, ephuza iziphuzo ezingu-8+, ngokwesilinganiso, kulezi zindawo. Abesifazane baphuze cishe iziphuzo ezingu-7, ngokwesilinganiso, emahhotela nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka. Okutholiwe kungase kuhlobane nendlela utshwala obudlala ngayo indima ebalulekile ezinkambisweni eziningi ze-spa ezimakethwa kakhulukazi kwabesifazane… ezinye izindawo zokuhoxa zikanokusho zinikeza i-champagne engapheli njengengxenye yesipiliyoni se-mani-pedi.
E-UK (2021), amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abadala abike ukuthi baneziphuzo ezidakayo ekhaya, kanti abangamaphesenti angama-36 babike ukuthi baphuza endaweni yokucima ukoma, indawo yokudlela, noma ibha. Uphuza nabangani? Amaphesenti angu-19 kuphela abantu ababuzwayo ababike ukuthi baphuza emzini womngane noma welungu lomndeni. Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-18-24 kungenzeka ukuthi baphuze isiphuzo esidakayo endaweni yokucima ukoma, indawo yokudlela, noma ibha.
Ngomoya Olungile
Imimoya ihlanganisa i-vodka, i-rum, i-tequila, i-cognac, i-whisky, njll. I-gin igaywa ezinhlamvu, i-vodka emazambane noma okusanhlamvu, i-brandy ne-grappa evela kumagilebhisi noma iwayini, futhi i-rum iqala ngomoba nama-molasses.
Ucwaningo lulandelela izimpande zemimoya emuva eminyakeni eyi-3000. Kwakuyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kamuva lapho iwayini nobhiya kwaqala ukukhiqizwa. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imimoya yinkimbinkimbi (bukhulu kunewayini noma ubhiya). Ukukhishwa kwe-distillation kwakwaziwa emiphakathini yasendulo yamaShayina, amaNdiya, amaGreki kanye namaGibhithe, kodwa kwathatha izinto ezintsha zama-Arabhu ukugawula utshwala. Ekuqaleni, lobu tshwala babusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha futhi kwaze kwaba yiNkathi Ephakathi lapho imimoya yaba isiphuzo esithandwayo.
I-Industrial Revolution yakha imakethe enkulu yabathengi futhi yanciphisa izindleko zemimoya, okunomthelela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa notshwala. Ohulumeni bangenela emakethe yemimoya ukuze banciphise ukuphuza ngokweqile futhi bakhuphule nezintela. Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, isabelo semimoya ekuphuzweni kotshwala emhlabeni wonke senyuke sisuka kumaphesenti angama-30 saya kumaphesenti angama-50.
Emashumini eminyaka adlule lokho bekuwukukhula kwezimakethe ezisafufusa ezihlanganisa iChina neNdiya. Intuthuko yakamuva embonini ihlanganisa ukwenziwa kwe-premium, ukukhula kwemimoya yezandla, kanye nokwethulwa kwe-terroir yemimoya.
Siyabonga Kuwe
Nakuba “imimoya” imele cishe amaphesenti angu-50 ophuzo oludakayo emhlabeni wonke, lo mkhakha awumelwe kakhulu ekukhavisweni maqondana newayini nobhiya. Kodwa-ke, kuyisibikezelo esikhanyayo nesijabulisayo semboni yesiphuzo esidakayo nge-whisky yaseMelika eqhubeka nokuba isiphuzo esibalulekile. Ukuqamba okusha kuzoba okubalulekile futhi abaholi bezimboni kuzodingeka bathole izindlela zokuxhumana nabaphuza abancane asebegugela emakethe futhi abafuna ukukhetha okuvumelana nemvelo, okunoshukela omncane. Abathengi abasha bafuna isiphuzo esisha, esilula, se-herbal, nesebhotanical esinamanothi e-citrus. Isifiso sokusungula izinto ezintsha sizohlomulisa wonke umuntu ophikweni lokuhlinzeka, okuhlanganisa nabathengi.
© UDkt Elinor Garely. Lo mbhalo we-copyright, ofaka nezithombe, awunakukhiqizwa kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe evela kumbhali.
